Electrospun Nanofibers Loaded with Marigold Extract Based on PVP/HPβCD and PCL/PVP Scaffolds for Wound Healing Applications

Abstract

Marigold flower is a traditionally used plant material topically applied on the skin due to its anti-inflammatory properties and antibacterial activity. This potential of action justifies the implementation of marigold extract in nanofiber scaffolds based on poly-vinylpyrrolidone/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (PVP/HPβCD) and polycaprolactone/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PCL/PVP) obtained by electrospinning for wound treatment. Using SEM, the morphology of electrospun scaffolds showed a fiber diameter in the range of 298–527 nm, with a uniform and bead-free appearance. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of marigold extracts in nanofibrous scaffolds. The composition of the nanofibers can control the release; in the case of PVP/HPβCD, immediate release of 80% of chlorogenic acid (an analytical and functional marker for marigold extract) was achieved within 30 min, while in the case of PCL/PVP, the controlled release was achieved within 24 h (70% of chlorogenic acid). All systems showed weak antibacterial activity against skin and wound-infecting bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 100 mg/mL), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC 200 mg/mL) and yeasts Candida albicans (MIC 100 mg/mL). Analysis of the effect of different scaffold compositions of the obtained electrofibers showed that those based on PCL/PVP had better wound healing potential. The scratch was closed after 36 h, compared to the 48 h required for PVP/HPβCD. Overall, the study shows that scaffolds of PCL/PVP nanofibers loaded with classic marigold extract have the best potential as wound dressing materials because of their ability to selectively modulate inflammation (via inhibition of hyaluronidase enzyme) and supportive antimicrobial properties, thereby aiding in the early stages of wound healing and repair.

Electrospun Nanofibers with Pomegranate Peel Extract as a New Concept for Treating Oral Infections

“…The IR-ATR spectrum of the extract showed prominent absorption bands at 776, 815, 876, 1010, 1033, 1180, 1226, 1295, 1323, 1444, 1604, 1718, 2941, and 3334 cm −1 . The IR-ATR spectrum of PVP revealed pronounced regions of absorption at 1167 cm −1 (C–C=O), 1229 cm −1 (lactone structure), 1283 cm −1 (C–N stretching vibrations), 1371 cm −1 (–CH deformation vibrations), 1420 cm −1 (CH 2 wagging), 1458 cm −1 (CH 2 bending vibrations), 1665 cm −1 (C=O), and 2951 cm −1 (C–H stretching vibrations), while those of PCL were at 733 cm −1 (C–H out of plane bending vibration), 1167 cm −1 (–C–O–C– symmetric stretching), 1238 cm −1 (C–O–C asymmetric stretching), 1294 cm −1 (C–O and C–C bands), 1364 cm −1 (stretching of OH group), 1472 cm −1 (stretching of CH 2 group), 1722 cm −1 (–C=O stretching vibrations of the ester carbonyl group), 2866 cm −1 (symmetric stretching of CH 2 group), and 2945 cm −1 (asymmetric stretching of CH 2 group) [ 31 ].…”

“…The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the pomegranate extract were determined using the microdilution method with 96-well plates (Nest Scientific Biotechnology, Wuxi, China). The experimental procedures followed the methodology presented in our previous publications [ 30 , 31 ]. The activity of the pomegranate extract against clinical strains of the yeast Candida albicans , clinical strains of the bacteria responsible for wound infections Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, and the periopathogens Schaalia odontolytica ( Actinomyces odontolyticus ) ATCC 17929, Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586, Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277, and Prevotella intermedia ATCC 25611 was investigated.…”