Electrospun Nanofibrous Architectures of Thrombin-Loaded Poly(ethylene oxide) for Faster in Vivo Wound Clotting

Abstract

Wound healing materials to prevent blood loss are crucial during emergency medical treatment because uncontrolled bleeding can lead to patient death. Herein, bioabsorbable fibrous architectures of thrombin-loaded poly­(ethylene oxide)PEO/thrombinare conceptualized and accomplished via electrospinning for faster wound clotting. Membranes with average fiber diameters ranging from 188 to 264 nm are achieved, where the active thrombin is entrapped within the nanofibers. The results of in vitro and in vivo wound healing activity tests revealed that when the nanofibers with thrombin-loaded capacity are in contact with the wound, the presence of water in the skin or blood catalyzes the degradation of the membranes, thus releasing thrombin. Thrombin then accelerates the wound clotting process. In contrast to other hemostatic materials, PEO/thrombin nanofibers do not require mechanical removal after application, and the viscoelastic nature of such biomaterials enables their conformation to a variety of wound topographies. Remarkably, PEO/thrombin membranes are promising functional materials and their use is a powerful strategy for hemostatic treatment, ranging from simple first aid and sealing to a wound to small surgical procedures.

Bioactive Hydrogels with Pro‐coagulation Effect for Hemostasis†

“…[ 111 ] Thrombin can be loaded into hemostatic materials by adsorption of positive molecules such as chitosan and mussel‐like structures such as gallic acid and polydopamine. [ 112‐113 ] Whether natural polypeptides, polysaccharides, [ 114‐118 ] or synthetic fiber materials, [ 119‐120 ] thrombin can be easily loaded in. For example, mixing thrombin into electrospinning fiber precursors can easily obtain the hemostatic material.…”

Recent Advances in Enzyme‐Based Biomaterials Toward Diabetic Wound Healing

“…Reproduced with permission. [ 23 ] Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society. b) GOx was entrapped into the porous hPB@gellan hydrogel.…”

“…[ 21 ] While encapsulation usually requires the participation of membranes, and the enzymes are immobilized by strong binding forces that there is almost no leakage of enzymes compared with entrapment. [ 22 ] Mendes et al [ 23 ] prepared a poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO)−thrombin absorbable electrospun nanofiber which thrombin entrapped within the nanofibers (Figure 2B(a)). Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy specifically showed that there is no chemical reaction occurring between PEO and thrombin, which is the noncovalent coupling concluding from the decrease of the diffusion coefficient of PEO/thrombin.…”

Sono-responsive smart nanoliposomes for precise and rapid hemostasis application

“…1,2 Its main advantage lies in its powerful ability to catalyze the conversion of brinogen to brin, and it is a key accelerator in the process of blood coagulation. 3,4 However, the major challenge is to maintain the delicate equilibrium between the dosage of thrombin and its safety. 5,6 High concentrations may result in excessive coagulation, leading to thrombosis and serious complications.…”