Electrospun Poly(lactide-co-glycolide-co-3(S)-methyl-morpholine-2,5-dione) Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Biomimetic scaffolds have been investigated in vascular tissue engineering for many years. Excellent biodegradable materials are desired as temporary scaffolds to support cell growth and disappear gradually with the progress of guided tissue regeneration. In the present paper, a series of biodegradable copolymers were synthesized and used to prepared micro/nanofibrous scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering. Poly(lactide-co-glycolide-co-3(S)-methyl-morpholine-2,5-dione) [P(LA-co-GA-co-MMD)] copolymers with different L-lactide (LA), glycolide (GA), and 3(S)-methyl-2,5-morpholinedione (MMD) contents were synthesized using stannous octoate as a catalyst. Moreover, the P(LA-co-GA-co-MMD) nanofibrous scaffolds were prepared by electrospinning technology. The morphology of scaffolds was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the results showed that the fibers are smooth, regular, and randomly oriented with diameters of 700˘100 nm. The weight loss of scaffolds increased significantly with the increasing content of MMD, indicating good biodegradable property of the scaffolds. In addition, the cytocompatibility of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds was tested by human umbilical vein endothelial cells. It is demonstrated that the cells could attach and proliferate well on P(LA-co-GA-co-MMD) scaffolds and, consequently, form a cell monolayer fully covering on the scaffold surface. Furthermore, the P(LA-co-GA-co-MMD) scaffolds benefit to excellent cell infiltration after subcutaneous implantation. These results indicated that the P(LA-co-GA-co-MMD) nanofibrous scaffolds could be potential candidates for vascular tissue engineering.

TBD‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Alkyl‐Substituted Morpholine‐2,5‐Dione Derivatives

“…Besides the activity of the catalyst, the melting temperature of the monomer represents a limiting factor that prohibits an ROP under milder conditions. In consequence, current research is directed toward the copolymerization of morpholine‐2,5‐dione derivatives with lactide or glycolide . Although this approach helps to overcome the comparably low reactivity of the morpholine‐2,5‐diones, these Sn(Oct) 2 ‐catalyzed bulk polymerizations still have to be performed at 120 °C due to the low activity of the catalyst.…”

GBR membrane of novel poly (butylene succinate-co-glycolate) co-polyester co-polymer for periodontal application

“…1 and were used to investigate their structure. We assigned the shifts as: B H b (1.72 ppm), S H a (2.64 ppm), B H a (4.13–4.22 ppm) and G H a (4.63–4.76 ppm) 27 , 28 , where S H, B H and G H represent the hydrogen atoms of succinic acid (SA), butylene glycol (BG) and glycolide (GL), respectively, and the subscripts are shown in Fig. 1 .…”

Prospects of Using Biocatalysis for the Synthesis and Modification of Polymers

“…In the case of ring-opening polymerization, derivatives of 2,5-diketomorpholine are used as starting monomers; 2,5-diketomorpholine is a cyclodepsipeptide—a condensation product of amino and hydroxy acids [ 188 ]. The most common catalyst used for this reaction is tin(II) octoate (tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate) This is a typical catalyst for ring-opening polymerization of lactones [ 189 , 190 , 191 ]. In this regard, it becomes necessary to thoroughly purify polymer products, especially those intended for biomedical purposes, from heavy metals that are part of organometallic catalysts.…”