Electrospun Polyaniline Nanofiber Networks toward High‐Performance Flexible Supercapacitors

Abstract

competitive for flexible devices. [10][11][12] Conductive polymers-based electrodes present good mechanical properties owning to the intrinsic flexibility of polymer chains, but show inferior energy capacity because of the bulk structure with limited surface area for ion storage and electrical conductivity for charge transfer. [13][14][15] Considering intrinsic flexibility and cost effectivity of conducting polymers, optimizing their structures and performances shows potential for practical applications. Thus, it is promising to develop an effective structure control strategy to improve charge storage and transfer properties of conductive polymers for flexible supercapacitors.1D nanomaterials, including nanowires, nanofibers, nanorods, and nanotubes, are recognized as promising electrode materials for flexible supercapacitors. [16,17] Comparing to bulk structure materials, the 1D nanomaterials exhibit higher surface area, controllable pore width, better electrical conductivity, and stress tolerance properties. [18,19] First, the large surface area not only enlarge electrode and electrolyte contact area but also improves ion storage capability within electrode by electrical double-layer mechanism. Second, the orientated electron and ion transport within 1D structure facilitate fast electrochemical dynamics and thus provide good rate capability of devices. Third, the enhanced flexibility offers strong tolerance to tough and continuous external deformations without obvious performance degradation of supercapacitors. Up to now, there are several synthetic methods for 1D nanomaterials, such as electrospinning method, solution-phase method, and templateassisted method. [20][21][22] Among these techniques, electrospinning method is a versatile top-down strategy for fabricating 1D nanomaterials with dimensions from nanometer to micrometer scale by electrostatic forces. [23] The subsequent experimental parameters, including temperature, repelling rate, and spinning time, are greatly significant for obtaining high-quality fiber nanomaterials. [24,25] Therefore, it is an urgent demand to fabricate 1D nanofiber materials-based electrodes with combination of conductive polymers and electrospinning technique for flexible supercapacitors.There are some previous works on polyaniline for supercapacitor applications, such as polyaniline web electrode, [26] polyaniline/carbon nanotube composite, [27] and hollow structural polyaniline electrode. [28] These materials electrodes all display Flexible supercapacitors with merits of lightweight, flexibility, and large power density are promising energy storage candidates for portable and wearable electronic devices. Flexibility of electrode materials is critical to their performance, which can be optimized by the screening of soft materials and an effective morphology control strategy. Here, polyaniline (polyacrylonitrile (PANI)) nanofiber networks through a simple electrospinning method are reported, with superior mechanical and electrochemical properties for flexible supercapacitors. T...

Solid Electrolytes for High‐Temperature Stable Batteries and Supercapacitors

“…The required mechanical stability and flexibility of the device could be facilitated by the PVA. [201,202] Stress-strain studies revealed that the tensile modulus of MMT/PVA was higher (14.3 MPa with 22.6% breakage elongation) than pure PVA (9.58 MPa with 13.8% breakage elongation), and the enhanced mechanical features was ascribed to the plasticization effect of MMT. [203] TGA results suggested that MMT/PVA was thermally stable in the range of 50-300 °C, indicating the strong the hydrogen bonding interactions between MMT and PVA.…”

Joule Heating-Induced Carbon Fibers for Flexible Fiber Supercapacitor Electrodes

“…At the interface between the electrode and the electrolyte, the electrode stores and frees charges based on physical interactions or redox reactions [ 4 ]. Recent investigations have demonstrated that fSCs can be successfully integrated into complicated geometries with limited space, such as textiles and microscale devices, while preserving a high power density and a long cycle life [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Electrode materials used for fSCs typically include carbonaceous materials [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], metal oxides [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], and conductive polymers [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

“…Recent investigations have demonstrated that fSCs can be successfully integrated into complicated geometries with limited space, such as textiles and microscale devices, while preserving a high power density and a long cycle life [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Electrode materials used for fSCs typically include carbonaceous materials [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], metal oxides [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], and conductive polymers [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Of all these, carbonaceous materials show promise as they generally demonstrate a remarkably high power density and a long cycle life.…”

Selective Growth of Zn–Co–Se Nanostructures on Various Conductive Substrates for Asymmetric Flexible Hybrid Supercapacitor with Enhanced Performance

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Though, several kinds of renewable energy sources have attracted great attention including, rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors (SCs), and fuel cells. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Though, several kinds of renewable energy sources have attracted great attention including, rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors (SCs), and fuel cells.…”

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laptops, rollup displays, and wearable devices. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Though, several kinds of renewable energy sources have attracted great attention including, rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors (SCs), and fuel cells. Among them, SCs hold great promise for fast charging, [11] while batteries take hours to recharge.

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