Electrospun Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanofibers with Embedded Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles and Conductive Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Shells for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Abstract

Flexible and lightweight electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with excellent EMI shielding performance have attracted significant attention because of their potential applications in various fields. In this study, we reported the fabrication and performance of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite nanofiber (NF) EMI shielding materials composed of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs)-embedded PVDF and conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) shells. By separating the conductive NF surface, which was prepared using a vapor phase polymerization (VPP) method, from the magnetic nanoparticle region inside the NF, high conductivity of the shell can be maintained and unaffected even when the wt % of Fe 3 O 4 NPs inside the NF is increased. Therefore, the EMI shielding performance can be maximized by simultaneously increasing the conductivity and permeability of the NFs. Fe 3 O 4 NPs embedded in the NF also contributed to increasing permeability and interfacial polarization, boosting multiple reflection and scattering, and absorption of incident EM waves through magnetic and dielectric loss. Additionally, the multi-layered NF structure is suitable to facilitate a multiple reflection mechanism. Consequently, high EMI SE and absolute EMI shielding effectiveness (SSE t ) of 18,760 dB• cm 2 /g were achieved. The EMI shielding material developed in this study can easily be adopted for various applications because of its superb flexibility, hydrophobicity, ultrathin thickness, and robustness.

Synergistically Constructed Electromagnetic Network of Magnetic Particle-Decorated Carbon Nanotubes and MXene for Efficient Electromagnetic Shielding

“…When the thickness of the aerogel is 3 mm, its normalized SSE/t performance is as high as 62,654 dB·cm 2 /g, which is higher than those of previously reported EMI composite materials (Figure d and Table S3). − ,− The definition of ( SSE t ) / Q normalM 0.25em is also used to evaluate the performance and economic efficiency of polymer/MXene films for EMI shielding, where Q M is the mass fraction of MXene in the polymer-based composites. As shown in Table S4 and Figure S18, the F 1 M 1 AP 16 aerogel shows a clear advantage in the use efficiency of MXene. − This demonstrates that the specially designed ultralight shielding material has high economic benefits and application potential.…”

“… − ,− The definition of is also used to evaluate the performance and economic efficiency of polymer/MXene films for EMI shielding, where Q M is the mass fraction of MXene in the polymer-based composites. As shown in Table S4 and Figure S18, the F 1 M 1 AP 16 aerogel shows a clear advantage in the use efficiency of MXene. − This demonstrates that the specially designed ultralight shielding material has high economic benefits and application potential.…”

Recent advances in the construction and application of stretchable PEDOT smart electronic membranes

“…286,287 As shown in Fig. 21d–i, Lee et al 288 prepared Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles embedded in electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers (PVDF-PEDOT-Fe 3 O 4 NFs) with a conductive PEDOT shell as an electromagnetic shielding material and ultimate elongation at break up to 50% (1.0 wt% Fe 3 O 4 content). The highly conductive PEDOT shell greatly increases the EMI absorption loss (SE A ) through ohmic losses, and electromagnetic waves can be absorbed by the interfacial polarization between Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles and different materials in the PVDF composite.…”

“…285 Copyright 2023, Elsevier Ltd. (d) PVDF-PEDOT-Fe 3 O 4 NF electromagnetic shielding material: (i) EMI shielding mechanisms: reflection, absorption, ohmic loss, magnetic loss, interfacial polarization, multiple reflection, and scattering; (ii) stress-strain curves of PVDF-PEDOT-Fe 3 O 4 NF containing different Fe 3 O 4 NPs; and(iii) EMI SE of EMI shielding materials with composite structure. Readapted with permission 288. Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society.…”