Electrospun Produced 3D Matrices for Covering of Vascular Stents: Paclitaxel Release Depending on Fiber Structure and Composition of the External Environment

Abstract

Paclitaxel is a natural, highly lipophilic anti proliferative drug widely used in medicine. We have studied the release of tritium-labeled paclitaxel (3H-PTX) from matrices destined for the coating of vascular stents and produced by the electrospinning method from the solutions of polycaprolactone (PCL) with paclitaxel (PTX) in hexafluoisoropropanol (HFIP) and/or solutions of PCL with PTX and human serum albumin (HSA) in HFIP or HIFP-dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) blend. The release of PTX has been shown to depend on the solvent and the composition of electrospinning solution, as well as the composition of the surrounding medium, particularly the concentration of free PTX and PTX-binding biomolecules present in human serum. It was shown that 3D matrices can completely release PTX without weight loss. Two-phase PTX release from optimized 3D matrices was obtained: ~27% of PTX was released in the first day, another 8% were released over the next 26 days. Wherein ~2.8%, ~2.3%, and ~0.25% of PTX was released on day 3, 9, and 27, respectively. Considering PTX toxicity, the rate of its diffusion through the arterial wall, and the data obtained the minimum cytostatic dose of the drug in the arterial wall will be maintained for at least three months.

Natural-Based Biomaterials for Peripheral Nerve Injury Repair

“…The physical properties of alginate make it suitable to be manufactured with several techniques such as magnetic templating ( Singh et al, 2020 ), electrospinning ( Kim and Kim, 2014 ; Chen et al, 2018 ; Kuznetsov et al, 2018 ), microfluidics ( Costantini et al, 2016 ; Hu Y. et al, 2017 ), gas foaming, emulsion freeze drying, 3D printing ( You et al, 2017 ), and hard templating on vaterite CaCO 3 crystals ( Sergeeva et al, 2019 ).…”

Modern approaches to femoropopliteal bypass surgery: achievements and future prospects

“…Другой проблемой является постоянная деформация стентов под разнонаправленными нагрузками, результатом которой является их поломка. В 2/3 случаев поломка стента приводит к неблагоприятным последствиям: рестенозу или окклюзии артерии (р<0,0001) [31,32]. Модернизация технологии изготовления и 3D-дизайна стентов позволила снизить частоту поломок имплантируемых устройств.…”

Vascular Stents Coated with Electrospun Drug-Eluting Material: Functioning in Rabbit Iliac Artery

“…The coating thus produced stretches during stent strut expansion and provides a mechanical support for the vessel tissue (as in the InspireMD stents MicroNet [ 17 ]). It prevents blood loss in the case of vessel wall rupture and, additionally, can have the required kinetics of drug release [ 35 ]. By forming multilayered coating with drug-“retaining” layers, it is possible to provide a vector delivery of the drug to the vessel wall, thereby decreasing its release into the systemic flow.…”

“…Previously, we studied 3D matrices produced by electrospinning from different blends of polycaprolactone with cytostatic drug paclitaxel by physical and chemical methods in order to find the best material for coating of vascular stents [ 35 ]. Paclitaxel release in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and human serum was studied using tritium-labeled drug.…”

“…Paclitaxel release in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and human serum was studied using tritium-labeled drug. In these experiments, we found that 3D matrices produced from a solution of polycaprolactone with human serum albumin and paclitaxel in hexafluoroisopropanol with 3% dimethyl sulfoxide were characterized by two-phase drug release with potential to support toxic concentration of paclitaxel against vascular wall myocytes for at least three months [ 35 ].…”