Electrospun Three-Dimensional Mesoporous Silicon Nanofibers as an Anode Material for High-Performance Lithium Secondary Batteries

Abstract

Mesoporous silicon nanofibers (m-SiNFs) have been fabricated using a simple and scalable method via electrospinning and reduction with magnesium. The prepared m-SiNFs have a unique structure in which clusters of the primary Si nanoparticles interconnect to form a secondary three-dimensional mesoporous structure. Although only a few nanosized primary Si particles lead to faster electronic and Li(+) ion diffusion compared to tens of nanosized Si, the secondary nanofiber structure (a few micrometers in length) results in the uniform distribution of the nanoparticles, allowing for the easy fabrication of electrodes. Moreover, these m-SiNFs exhibit impressive electrochemical characteristics when used as the anode materials in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). These include a high reversible capacity of 2846.7 mAh g(-1) at a current density of 0.1 A g(-1), a stable capacity retention of 89.4% at a 1 C rate (2 A g(-1)) for 100 cycles, and a rate capability of 1214.0 mAh g(-1) (at 18 C rate for a discharge time of ∼3 min).

Porous One‐Dimensional Nanomaterials: Design, Fabrication and Applications in Electrochemical Energy Storage

“…[21,72,204,211] Hollow Si nanotubes also delivered high performance. [21,72,204,211] Hollow Si nanotubes also delivered high performance.…”

Nanostructured electrode materials for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries via electrospinning

“…Among the as-prepared Si nanostructures, 1D Si nanostructures have shown great promise for improvement of electrochemical performance of Si anode materials due to the enhanced electrochemical activity. Lee et al [105] prepared mesoporous Si nanofibers (m-SiNFs) via combining electrospinning and magnesiothermic reduction. As shown in Fig.…”

Porous Silicon Formation by Porous Silica Reduction

“…Examination of the literature (Bao et al 2007;Richman et al 2008;Hai et al 2009;Ibisate et al 2009;Won et al 2009Won et al , 2011Yu et al 2010;Zhu et al 2010Yermekova et al 2010;Chen et al 2011aChen et al , b, 2012aChen et al , b, 2013a Gallego-Gomez et al 2011;Gao et al 2011;Guo et al 2011;Jia et al 2011;Lu et al 2011;Pallavidino et al 2011;Zhang and Huang 2011;Batchelor et al 2012;Fang et al 2012;Shen et al 2012Shen et al , 2013Tao et al 2012a, b;Wang et al 2012;Yoo et al 2012;Huachao et al 2013;Jung et al 2013;Du et al 2013;Hong et al 2013;Jiang et al 2013;Lee et al 2013;Liu et al 2013;Luo et al 2013;Ma et al 2013;Meekins et al 2013;Wen et al 2013;Xing et al 2013a, b;Yoo et al 2013;Yu et al 2013;Yue et al 2013;Xia et al 2014) reveals that all three classes of porosity (see handbook chapters on ▶ Macroporous Silicon, ▶ Mesoporous Silicon, and ▶ Microporous Silicon) are achievable with magnesiothermic reduction, as are extremely high surface area structur...…”