Electrostatic Acceleration of Microparticles to Hypervelocities

Shelton, H.; Hendricks, C. D.; Wuerker, R. F.

doi:10.1063/1.1735813

Cited by 194 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In practice, the electrostatic charging method restricted the maximum values as described in these literatures. The value is equivalent to 10 4 ison with these results, the present charge of a diamond macron was three to four orders of magnitude larger. It is impossible to give charge of 10 8 e to one particle of 0.25 µm in diameter.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Fundamental Studies on Acceleration of Charged Micro Particles (Macrons) and Its Interaction with Materials Surfaces by Implantation

Enokido

Ishigami

Kondo

et al. 2000

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology

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Charged micro particles (macrons) of nickel or artificial diamond were implanted to the silver films evaporated on the silicon and polished stainless steel discs. Craters were formed on the materials by collisions of the macrons. The macrons are electrostatically charged on two planar electrodes at 30 kV, extracted through the central hole in one of the electrodes and accelerated at 100 kV to the target materials. The craters and the macrons were evenly distributed on the silver film to which nickel macrons had been implanted. Diamond macrons were stuck to the stainless steel and covered the surface. The velocity of a diamond macron of 1/4µm in diameter was estimated to be 1 to 3 km/sunder an assumption that the charge of each macron is in the range 10 3 -10 4 e. The velocity is sufficient to cause not only plastic deformation, but impact damages such as craters for silver and stainless steel.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Fundamental Studies on Acceleration of Charged Micro Particles (Macrons) and Its Interaction with Materials Surfaces by Implantation

Enokido

Ishigami

Kondo

et al. 2000

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology

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“…8b, the kinetic energy of the m-projectiles is linearly proportional to the input energy after subtracting the energy used for polymer ablation (0.08 mJ). LIPIT allows a compact test specimen size enabling high resolution investigation of the entire deformation/failure zone in prototype nanostructured materials (which often are only initially available as small samples), control of the kinetic energy (for example, projectile velocity), and enables a wide choice of projectiles regardless of their conductivity, shape and size, compared with electrostatic accelerator 43 , Van der Graaff linear accelerator 44 and laser driven flyer techniques 45 by virtue of its indirect acceleration mechanism. Moreover, the indirect means is advantageous to avoid any laser irradiation damage when using delicate projectiles made of polymers and bio-substance as observed in the laser-induced forward transfer technique 46 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High strain rate deformation of layered nanocomposites

Lee

Veysset²,

Singer³

et al. 2012

Nat Commun

195

108

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Insight into the mechanical behaviour of nanomaterials under the extreme condition of very high deformation rates and to very large strains is needed to provide improved understanding for the development of new protective materials. Applications include protection against bullets for body armour, micrometeorites for satellites, and high-speed particle impact for jet engine turbine blades. Here we use a microscopic ballistic test to report the responses of periodic glassy-rubbery layered block-copolymer nanostructures to impact from hypervelocity micron-sized silica spheres. Entire deformation fields are experimentally visualized at an exceptionally high resolution (below 10 nm) and we discover how the microstructure dissipates the impact energy via layer kinking, layer compression, extreme chain conformational flattening, domain fragmentation and segmental mixing to form a liquid phase. Orientation-dependent experiments show that the dissipation can be enhanced by 30% by proper orientation of the layers.

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“…Simultaneous detection of m/z and z was first used by Shelton and co-workers more than 50 years ago to determine the mass of highly-charged, micron-sized particles [3]. The smallest particle detected was 0.2 μm in diameter with nearly 20,000 elementary charges (e).…”

Section: Harge Detection Mass Spectrometry (Cdms) Is a Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry for Single Ions with an Uncertainty in the Charge Measurement of 0.65 e

Pierson

Contino

Keifer

et al. 2015

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Abstract. Charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS) provides a direct measure of the mass of individual ions through nondestructive, simultaneous measurements of the mass to charge ratio and the charge. To improve the accuracy of the charge measurement, ions are trapped and recirculated through the charge detector. By substantially extending the trapping time, the uncertainty in the charge determination has been reduced by a factor of two, from 1.3 elementary charges (e) to 0.65 e. The limit of detection (the smallest charge that can be reliably measured) has been reduced by about the same proportion, from 13 to 7 e. The more precise charge measurements enable a substantial improvement in the mass resolution, which is critical for applications of CDMS to mixtures of high mass ions.

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Electrostatic Acceleration of Microparticles to Hypervelocities

Abstract: By electrostatic methods, μ-diam spheres of iron have been accelerated to hypervelocities. Techniques have been developed to give single impacts in vacuum of measured incident velocity, mass, and position.

Cited by 194 publications

References 3 publications

Fundamental Studies on Acceleration of Charged Micro Particles (Macrons) and Its Interaction with Materials Surfaces by Implantation

Fundamental Studies on Acceleration of Charged Micro Particles (Macrons) and Its Interaction with Materials Surfaces by Implantation

High strain rate deformation of layered nanocomposites

Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry for Single Ions with an Uncertainty in the Charge Measurement of 0.65 e

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