Electrostatic Discharge Sensitivity and Resistivity Measurements of Al Nanothermites and their Fuel and Oxidant Precursors

Kelly, D. G.; Béland, P.; Brousseau, Patrick; Petre, Cătălin Florin

doi:10.22211/cejem/67456

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In the literature, the mitigation of the sensitivity of the nanothermites is addressed either by acting on the fuel (especially when aluminum is used), modifying the particle size, and changing the alumina/aluminum ratio constituting the fuel particles, or inserting a third compound (desensitizer) within the conventional binary fuel/oxidizer energetic mixture . With regards to the use of an additive, different kinds of carbonaceous compounds (carbon black, graphite, nanotubes, nanofibers, graphene, and nanodiamonds), polymers (polytetrafluoroethylene and polyaniline) and inorganic species (molybdenum sulfide) have been tested, and many of them have a positive effect on the electrostatic discharge (spark) desensitization as well as a lesser effect toward mechanical stress such as friction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the conducting properties of desensitizers are exploited when the energetic composite is submitted to the spark test, their lubricant properties are solicited during the friction phenomena. The different compounds were added either as “isolated/individual” nanoparticles within the fuel/oxidizer energetic composite or through the synthesis of a desensitizer/oxidizer or a desensitizer/fuel composite before it was mixed with the fuel or the metal oxide to form the final energetic mixture. The use of polyaniline conducting polymer (PAni) as an additive is particularly interesting and promising, as reported by Gibot et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SnO₂–polyaniline composites for the desensitization of Al/SnO₂ thermite composites

Gibot

Goetz

2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Nanothermites consisting of a reducing metal and a metal oxide nanopowder represent a new generation of energetic materials in pyrotechnics due to their impressive reactive properties. However, their extreme sensitivity regarding electrostatic discharge appears to be detrimental to their future practical applications. Herein, the mitigation of the sensitivity thresholds of the aluminium/tin (IV) oxide energetic nanocomposite is successfully achieved by using a conducting polymer, polyaniline (PAni). PAni was introduced within the thermite by the chemical polymerization of an oxidizer/PAni hybrid matrix. The SnO 2 -PAni composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, electrical conductivity measurements, and transmission electron microscopy. The derived Al/SnO 2 -PAni thermites were investigated in terms of sensitivities and reactivity. Results revealed gradual desensitization of the Al/SnO 2 thermite as a function of the concentration of PAni for both the electrostatic discharge (0.14-1212 mJ) and friction (216-360 N) tests while maintaining reactive energetic composites. This work presents a way for the preparation of insensitive and reactive energetic formulations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SnO₂–polyaniline composites for the desensitization of Al/SnO₂ thermite composites

Gibot

Goetz

2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…One method to prepare MICs with low probability of hotspot formation is to assemble them into conductive carbon substrates while maintaining their nanoscale features. Recently, there is emerging interest in using graphene, carbon nanotubes, and graphite to improve the safety of MICs through coating, templating, electrophoretic deposition, and more. − For instance, graphene and carbonized metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been utilized as a carbon conductive matrix to prepare EMs with low sensitivity . In spite of these developments, there are still few reports of insensitive MICs based on conductive carbon substrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Al/CuO@CNFs Conductive Flexible Energetic Films with High Electrical Safety

Wang

Chen

Wang

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The development of energetic materials with both high energy and high safety has always been the focus of the field of energetic materials. In this paper, a low-current-sensitivity flexible energetic film composed of carbon nanofibers (CNFs)-coated Al/CuO metastable intermolecular composites (MICs) was prepared by a blow-spinning combined with controlled heat treatment technique. Hotspots can hardly generate in this kind of energetic film due to the increased electrical and thermal conductivity, leading to low sensitivity of MICs. It evenly stays at a high voltage (60 V) for 24 h without raising the temperature significantly. The energetic films keep the high energy release of MICs due to the additional violent reactions between CuO and CNFs as well as the light weight of CNFs, showing the heat release of 2864 J/g. In addition, the obtained films exhibit good mechanical properties and can maintain the structural integrity after 1000 cycles of repeated bending to a 6 mm curvature radius. The above characteristics reveal that energetic films presented in this paper have certain safety, high energy, and flexibility and have potential applications in transient electronics with flexible requirements such as micro-electromechanical system.

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“…The idea that emerges from this line of research is the addition of a third component within thermites to easily and quickly evacuate electrostatic charges. Carbon microstructures, metals, and intrinsically conducting polymers have been proposed [10,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Indium (III) Oxide/Aluminum Thermite Energetic Composites

Gibot

Puel

2021

J. Compos. Sci.

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Thermites or composite energetic materials are mixtures made of fuel and oxidizer particles at micron-scale. Thermite reactions are characterized by high adiabatic flame temperatures (>1000 °C) and high heats of reaction (>kJ/cm3), sometimes combined with gas generation. These properties strongly depend on the chemical nature of the couple of components implemented. The present work focuses on the use of indium (III) oxide nanoparticles as oxidizer in the elaboration of nanothermites. Mixed with an aluminum nanopowder, heat of reaction of the resulting Al/In2O3 energetic nanocomposite was calculated and its reactive performance (sensitivity thresholds regarding different stimuli (impact, friction, and electrostatic discharge) and combustion velocity examined. The Al/In2O3 nanothermite, whose heat of reaction was determined of about 11.75 kJ/cm3, was defined as insensitive and moderately sensitive to impact and friction stimuli and extreme sensitive to spark with values >100 N, 324 N, and 0.31 mJ, respectively. The spark sensitivity was decreased by increasing In2O3 oxidizer (27.71 mJ). The combustion speed in confined geometries experiments was established near 500 m/s. The nature of the oxidizer implemented herein within a thermite formulation is reported for the first time.

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Electrostatic Discharge Sensitivity and Resistivity Measurements of Al Nanothermites and their Fuel and Oxidant Precursors

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

SnO₂–polyaniline composites for the desensitization of Al/SnO₂ thermite composites

SnO₂–polyaniline composites for the desensitization of Al/SnO₂ thermite composites

Al/CuO@CNFs Conductive Flexible Energetic Films with High Electrical Safety

Study on Indium (III) Oxide/Aluminum Thermite Energetic Composites

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Electrostatic Discharge Sensitivity and Resistivity Measurements of Al Nanothermites and their Fuel and Oxidant Precursors

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

SnO2–polyaniline composites for the desensitization of Al/SnO2 thermite composites

SnO2–polyaniline composites for the desensitization of Al/SnO2 thermite composites

Al/CuO@CNFs Conductive Flexible Energetic Films with High Electrical Safety

Study on Indium (III) Oxide/Aluminum Thermite Energetic Composites

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SnO₂–polyaniline composites for the desensitization of Al/SnO₂ thermite composites

SnO₂–polyaniline composites for the desensitization of Al/SnO₂ thermite composites