Electrostatic hazard and protection: expert system for fuel delivery modules

Electrostatic charging phenomenon in gas–liquid–solid flow systems

“…From these results, it is concluded that to avoid electrostatic charge accumulation and ESD, it will be useful to reduce the superficial liquid velocity if possible in order to reduce the frequency and the impact energy of the particle collisions. However, in many cases, this is not feasible due to reactor operational requirements in the process (Kiss et al, 2005).…”

“…Car manufacturers have developed a filtration system for vehicle engines that is a compact module mainly made of insulating plastic materials (Perisse et al, 2005). Fuels generally have low dielectric constants leading to a significant amount of charge generation via continuous contacting and separating between the moving non-conductive fuel and the walls of fuel pipes or filtration systems (Kiss et al, 2005). If charges accumulate above a certain level in the system, electrostatic discharge (ESD) can occur, creating a risk of fire or explosion.…”

An investigation into the influence of tribological parameters on the operation of sliding triboelectric nanogenerators

“…Triboelectric charge transfer and accumulation can have unwanted and even dangerous impacts within various engineering applications; including but not limited to nanoscale electronics [17,18], microscale powderhandling systems [5], macroscale fuel-transport [19], and aerospace applications [20]. However, this accumulation of charge can instead be beneficial for some applications.…”

Investigating the Influence of Friction and Material Wear on Triboelectric Charge Transfer in Metal-Polymer Contacts

“…The 'clumping' of pharmaceutical powders in powder handling systems is attributed to the triboelectric transfer of electrostatic charge between the particles of powder and the surfaces they contact [5]. Fuel transfer systems are also suitably grounded as a way of inhibiting the triboelectric build-up of static charge within the fuel as it flows across a particular substrate surface [6]. 'Precipitation static' is also an important phenomenon to consider in aviation, since static charges build up on aircraft fuselages as they contact rain, snow, ice, or dust particlesvia triboelectrification [7].…”