Electrostatic immobilization of cetylpyridinium chloride to poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels for the simple fabrication of wound dressings with the suppressed release of antibacterial agents

Abstract

Polymeric systems for antibacterial wound dressings require chemical reactions or syntheses for attaching or incorporating antibacterial moieties into polymer backbones. However, these materials often fail to satisfy the basic requirements, such as easy and inexpensive synthesis. We speculated that a positively charged organic antibacterial agent would be attracted to the polar groups of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels and would show suppressed release. PVA hydrogels containing cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) were prepared by c irradiation. CPC was barely released from the hydrogels, probably because of electrostatic interactions, and was stable upon c irradiation. The suppressed release of CPC conferred antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli to the surface of the hydrogels, whereas no inhibition zone was observed around the hydrogels. The CPC-containing PVA hydrogels were easy to prepare and contained known and safe materials. The simplicity and safety of this procedure for achieving the suppressed release of antibacterial agents were advantages of these CPC-containing PVA hydrogels.

Antibacterial Hydrogels

“…PHEMA‐conjugated β‐CD or directly crosslinked HP‐β‐CD hydrogels were applied to load TSC, an antibacterial drug used in ophthalmic diseases for fabricating antibacterial soft contact lenses . Cetylpyridinium chloride‐immobilized PVA hydrogel offered a sustained release profile for wound therapy . Chloramine‐T and sulfadiazine sodium coloaded hydrogels composed of PVA, PVP, and glycerin showed an excellent swelling capacity, which accelerated the wound healing with an antibacterial effect .…”

Self‐expandable hydrogel biliary stent design utilizing the swelling property of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel

“…The shear storage modulus ( G' ) was measured at room temperature through dynamic viscoelastic measurements with a parallel‐plate rheometer (MCR302; Anton Paar, Graz, Austria), by a slightly modified version of a previous method . The disk‐shaped specimen was placed on the bottom plate of the rheometer, and then the upper plate (diameter: 25 mm) was moved to contact with the specimen, after which oscillatory frequency sweep (frequency: 0.01–10 Hz, strain 0.1%) was conducted.…”

“…A synthetic hydrophilic polymer, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), is investigated for this purpose because it forms a hydrogel with excellent mechanical properties and long‐term dimensional stability through simple physical crosslinking techniques . Moreover, PVA has been proved biologically safe because it has been used in numerous biomedical applications, including wound dressings, contact lenses, and implants for various tissues and organs such as cartilage, vascular access, ligament, and bone tissue engineering applications …”

Adsorption and release of surfactant into and from multifunctional zwitterionic poly(NIPAm-co-DMAPMA-co-AAc) microgel particles

“…CPyCl is a versatile cationic surfactant which can be widely applied for multiple antiseptic applications [44,45]. The average hydrodynamic diameter of the ZI-MG (0.85) particles, as a function of added CPyCl concentrations at pH 3 and 11 obtained at room temperature is shown in Fig.…”