Electrostatic Separation for Recycling Waste Printed Circuit Board: A Study on External Factor and a Robust Design for Optimization

Hou, Shibing; Wu, Jing; Qin, Yufeng; Xu, Zhenming

doi:10.1021/es903936m

Cited by 40 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The high concentration (500 g L À1 ) and the low concentration (50 and 5 g L À1 ) of metals were used to respectively simulate the solvent-based separation of BFRs from metallic and plastic fractions obtained from WEEE via mechanical processing. Note that the metallic fractions may contain 12-18% plastics (Hou et al, 2010) whereas the plastic fractions may contain >1% metals (Ernst et al, 2000;Schlummer et al, 2006). Since Zn and Cu were the major metal components of WEEE (Huang et al, 2009), Zn and Cu at different concentrations (50 and 5 g L À1 ) were used for elucidating the dosage effects on the transformation rate of TBBPA.…”

Section: Batch Reaction Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Selective disassembly and mechanical processing (e.g., shredding, magnetic, density-based and eddy current separation) can separate the metalrich fractions from the plastic fractions. Subsequently, the metallic fractions, which often contain 12-18% of plastics (Hou et al, 2010), are further upgraded in incinerators or melting furnaces to recover pure metals, and the plastic fractions are thermally treated to allow the recovery of gases, oils and chars as fuels or feedstocks. It is highly desirable to remove BFRs before thermal processing (e.g., incineration, combustion, and pyrolysis) of both metal-rich and plastic fractions because BFRs can form polybrominated dibenzop-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PBDDs/Fs) and other toxic brominated phenols (Wichmann et al, 2002;Barontini et al, 2004;Marongiu et al, 2007) at relatively high temperature conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transformation of tetrabromobisphenol A in the presence of different solvents and metals

2012

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Section: Batch Reaction Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation of tetrabromobisphenol A in the presence of different solvents and metals

2012

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“…Park et al 140 found that electrostatic separators were efficient for segregating mixed plastics using a two-stage separation process. Hou et al 141 observed a reduction in effectiveness in the separation process because of the presence of nonconductive powder and moisture in the WEEE. Consequently, Hou et al 141 suggested using cyclone separators to effectively manage the granule particle size and remove nonconductive powder before processing in the electrostatic separator.…”

Section: Separation Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Issues and Management Strategies for Waste Electronic and Electrical Equipment

Townsend

2011

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Issues surrounding the impact and management of discarded or waste electronic and electrical equipment (WEEE) have received increasing attention in recent years. This attention stems from the growing quantity and diversity of electronic and electrical equipment (EEE) used by modern society, the increasingly rapid turnover of EEE with the accompanying burden on the waste stream, and the occurrence of toxic chemicals in many EEE components that can pose a risk to human and environmental health if improperly managed. In addition, public awareness of the WEEE or "e-waste" dilemma has grown in light of popular press features on events such as the transition to digital television and the exportation of WEEE from the United States and other developed countries to Africa, China, and India, where WEEE has often not been managed in a safe manner (e.g., processed with proper safety precautions, disposed of in a sanitary landfill, combusted with proper air quality procedures). This paper critically reviews current published information on the subject of WEEE. The definition, magnitude, and characteristics of this waste stream are summarized, including a detailed review of the chemicals of concern associated with different components and how this has changed and continues to evolve over time. Current and evolving management practices are described (e.g., reuse, recycling, incineration, landfilling). This review discusses the role of regulation and policies developed by governments, institutions, and product manufacturers and how these initiatives are shaping current and future management practices.

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“…Water content in biowaste decides its conductivity and likelihood to be moved to the right-most tank. However, this parameter is hard to control in practical conditions [27]. The size of granules, on the other hand, varied due to the machinery limitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Electrostatic Separation Process for Maximizing Biowaste Recovery Using Taguchi Method and ANOVA

Lai¹,

Lim²,

Teh³

2015

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Municipal solid waste (MSW) is generally disposed of at landfills, and is highly attributed to its simplest and cheapest disposal procedures if compared to other approaches such as incineration [1]. Landfills bring negative impact to the environment due to leachate and biogas emission for biowaste [2]. A high amount of biowaste, particularly food waste, can be found in municipal waste. Approximately 45% of municipal solid wastes are organic food waste, followed by inorganic wastes such as plastics and glass [3]. A comprehensive study of food segregation is thus crucial. Segregation of food from waste results in a reduction of organic decomposition arising in a landfill and thus cuts down the generation of leachate. On one hand, the amount of landfill leachate could be lessened with the rare existence of organic matters. On the other hand, the segregated organic substances can be processed independently for methane gas generation, i.e. a green energy for biogas production [4]. Moreover, incineration of these inorganicfree substances produces less residue and toxic gas.Electrostatic separation provides an effective approach to recovering the reusable matter from solid wastes. It has been widely employed in applications involving the dry separation process, e.g. to recover conductors from non-conducting mixtures [5]. The separation process with a roll-type electrostatic separator sorts the charged bodies from the uncharged under an intensive electric field. It serves as an environmentally friendly way for recycling and reusing the resources without negatively impacting the surroundings [6].Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 24, No. 3 (2015), [1125][1126][1127][1128][1129][1130][1131] Original Research Optimization of Electrostatic Separation AbstractIn this study, the electrostatic separation process was employed to recover biowaste from waste mixtures. The recovered biowaste is a potential source of alternative renewable energy (e.g. biomass energy). Taguchi's methodology of experimental design was used for a robust design of both system and random factors. Robust design attempts to analyze the influence of respective factors towards the separation process and, meanwhile, limits the negative impact of the hard-to-control random factors. The effects of four factors, namely voltage level, rotation speed, water content, and particle size diameter were determined. It was noticeable that voltage level has a maximum effect (39.44%) on effective recovery of biowaste, followed by size diameter, water content, and rotation speed within design range. On the other hand, the minimal middling product was mostly influenced by the voltage level (79.78%). The water content has a negligible effect (0.78 %) if compared to rotation speed and size diameter. This paper concluded the appropriate operational range to have less error from the variations of noise.

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Electrostatic Separation for Recycling Waste Printed Circuit Board: A Study on External Factor and a Robust Design for Optimization

Cited by 40 publications

References 18 publications

Transformation of tetrabromobisphenol A in the presence of different solvents and metals

Transformation of tetrabromobisphenol A in the presence of different solvents and metals

Environmental Issues and Management Strategies for Waste Electronic and Electrical Equipment

Optimization of Electrostatic Separation Process for Maximizing Biowaste Recovery Using Taguchi Method and ANOVA

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