Electrostatic switched radiator for space based thermal control

Biter, W. J.; Oh, Sung Yong; Hess, Stephen

doi:10.1063/1.1449710

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Operation principle of the ESR is discussed in Biter et al 3,4 . A schematic cross section of the test unit is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Assembly and Testing The Esrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polymer-based materials 1 and inorganic thin films 2 are two examples of the surfaces with variable optical properties. Two structurally active surfaces under development are electrostatic devices 3,4 (also called Electrostatic Switched Radiator (ESR)) and MEMS louvers. The most common methods in use for measuring the emissivity of a surface are calorimetric and optical measurement methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Method for Measurement of Total Hemispherical Emissivity

Moghaddam

Lawler

Currano

et al. 2007

Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer

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The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER(S) AFRL-ML-WP-TP-2006-456 DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTESThis is a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase II report. This paper contains color. PAO Case Number: AFRL/WS 06-1287, 15 May 2006. This work, resulting in whole or in part from Department of the Air Force contract FA8650-05-C-5045, has been submitted to the AIAA for publication in the AIAA Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Guidelines. If published, AIAA may assert copyright. The United States has for itself and others acting on its behalf an unlimited, paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license to use, modify, reproduce, release, perform, display, or disclose the work by or on behalf of the Government. All other rights are reserved by the copyright owner. ABSTRACTThis report was developed under a SBIR contract. This paper describes a heat flux-based method for measuring emissivity of a surface. In this method the emissivity of a surface is calculated using direct measurement of the heat flux passing through the surface. Unlike storage-based calorimetric methods, this method does not require application of known amounts of heat to the surface or the temperature history of a known amount of thermal mass to calculate the surface emissivity. Application and operation of this method is much simpler than calorimetric methods as it does not require careful thermal insulation of the heat radiating body from the surroundings. This technique allows emissivity measurements of the newly developed variable emissivity surfaces with significantly lighter and energy efficient measurement equipment that can operate for long term space missions. In this study, a commercially available thermopile heat flux sensor was used to measure the emissivity of a black paint and a variable emissivity surface, Electrostatic Switched Radiator (ESR). This paper details the concept, experimental setup, and the experiment results. Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742 Abstract. This paper describes a heat flux-based method for measuring emissivity of a surface. In this method the emissivity of a surface is calculated using direct measurement of the heat flux passing through the surface. Unlike storage-based calorimetric methods, this method does not require application of known amounts of heat to the surface or the temperature history of a known amount of thermal mass to calculate the surf...

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“…Operation principle of the ESR is discussed in Biter et al 3,4 . A schematic cross section of the test unit is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Assembly and Testing The Esrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Method for Measurement of Total Hemispherical Emissivity

Moghaddam

Lawler

Currano

et al. 2007

Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer

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“…Potential applications [1][2][3][4] include micro-bolometers with locally adjustable dynamic ranges, pulsed thermoelectric cooling, solid-state electrocaloric refrigerators that require rapid thermal cycling of the working medium, pyroelectric waste heat harvesting, and satellite thermal management.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Switchable Thermal Interfaces Based on Discrete Liquid Droplets

Jia

Cha

2012

Micromachines

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Abstract:We present a switchable thermal interface based on an array of discrete liquid droplets initially confined on hydrophilic islands on a substrate. The droplets undergo reversible morphological transition into a continuous liquid film when they are mechanically compressed by an opposing substrate to create low-thermal resistance heat conduction path. We investigate a criterion for reversible switching in terms of hydrophilic pattern size and liquid volume. The dependence of the liquid morphology and rupture distance on the diameter and areal fraction of hydrophilic islands, liquid volumes, as well as loading pressure is also characterized both theoretically and experimentally. The thermal resistance in the on-state is experimentally characterized for ionic liquids, which are promising for practical applications due to their negligible vapor pressure. A life testing setup is constructed to evaluate the reliability of the interface under continued switching conditions at relatively high switching frequencies.

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“…This is the future intent of these devices, but before they are used for cooling, their operation and space flight tolerances must be established. 20 Sensortex's approach involves using a voltage to control the amount of heat radiated from the satellite. The primary drawback for their macro-design, however, is the large voltage required.…”

Section: United States Naval Academy Satellite Midstar Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Microelectromechanical System for Small Satellite Thermal Control

Beasley¹

2004

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Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. AbstractTrends in space technology require future satellites to be smaller and cheaper than their contemporary counterparts. This new direction requires a similar evolution in thermal control. Previous techniques such as heat pipes and conventional radiators have large masses themselves and are not scaleable to fit these smaller designs. Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) offer unique advantages in mass and scalability. By coating a satellite with thousands of MEMS devices, thermal control can respond to variations in thermal capacity.This project involved the development of a variable radiator that would control a satellite's temperature by changing the heat conduction between the satellite and a MEMS surface coating. These MEMS devices operate by using a voltage to deflect an emissive surface layer into thermal contact with the structure below. By designing for a voltage of 20 to 24V, these devices can operate on the bus voltage supplied by many satellites produced today. Testing has shown that these devices operated at this desired voltage level.The electromechanical and thermal properties of the device were modeled. These models provided insight into the design dimensions that dominated the voltage and power characteristics as well as the heat flow. The devices were tested for both their thermal and electrostatic properties. The modeling predictions were found to be accurate for the required device voltages. With the insight gained from modeling and testing, a new design was made offering greater thermal performance while maintaining low operating voltages. This design incorporated different materials allowing easier device fabrication and higher wafer yields. It also used different physical dimensions to improve thermal performance.Finally, this project developed the packaging requirements of this device for flight on the MIDSTAR I satellite. The groundwork has been laid for its flight into space in 2006 through a package design specific to this device. The Interface Control Document outlining hardware interfaces, power specifications, and satellite orientation has been completed.

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Electrostatic switched radiator for space based thermal control

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Novel Method for Measurement of Total Hemispherical Emissivity

Novel Method for Measurement of Total Hemispherical Emissivity

Switchable Thermal Interfaces Based on Discrete Liquid Droplets

Development of a Microelectromechanical System for Small Satellite Thermal Control

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