Electroweak baryon number non-conservation in the early Universe and in high-energy collisions

Abstract

We review recent progress in the study of the anomalous baryon number non-conservation at high temperatures and in high-energy collisions. Recent results on high temperature phase transitions are described, and applications to the electroweak baryogenesis are considered. The current status of the problem of electroweak instanton-like processes at high energies is outlined.Electroweak baryon number non-conservation in the early Universe and in high-energy collisions 7.1 Strength of the phase transition; 7.2 Sources of CP-violation in the electroweak theory and its extensions; 7.3 Electroweak baryogenesis: how to state the problem; 7.4 Uniform scalar fields; 7.5 Asymmetry from fermion±domain wall interactions; 7.6 Strength of CP-violation and baryon asymmetry 8. Instanton-like processes in high energy collisions 491 8.1 Summary of perturbative analysis about the instanton; 8.2 Unitarity; 8.3 From many 3 many to few 3 many 9. Conclusions 499 References 500 Electroweak baryon number non-conservation in the early Universe and in high-energy collisions 463 { At very large m H am W the situation is more complicated [54, 55], but the estimate (2.11) remains valid. { Of course, this travel does not typically proceed exactly through the sphaleron configuration. Some (not necessarily small) deformations of sphalerons are considered in Refs [56 ± 58] where topological properties of these configurations are investigated. 464 V A Rubakov, M E Shaposhnikov Physics ± Uspekhi 39 (5) May, 1996 Electroweak baryon number non-conservation in the early Universe and in high-energy collisions 465 V A Rubakov, M E Shaposhnikov Physics ± Uspekhi 39 (5) V A Rubakov, M E Shaposhnikov Physics ± Uspekhi 39 (5)

Magnetogenesis and the dynamics of internal dimensions

“…The remarkable similarity of the abundances of light elements in different galaxies leads to postulate that the Universe had to be dominated by radiation at the moment when the light elements were formed, namely for temperatures of approximately 0.1 MeV [1]. Prior to the moment of nucleosynthesis even indirect informations concerning the thermodynamical state of our Universe are lacking even if our knowledge of particle physics could give us important hints concerning the dynamics of the electroweak phase transition [2].…”

Measurements of branching fractions andCPasymmetries and studies of angular distributions forB→ϕϕKdecays

“…All of these measurements are consistent with a single source of CP violation -the complex phase within the CKM quark mixing matrix of the Standard Model [6]. However, with the small amount of CP violation from the CKM matrix, it is difficult to explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe [7]. This motivates searches for new sources of CP violation.…”

Zero Modes of the Dirac Operator for Regular Einstein-Yang-Mills Background Fields

“…There is indeed a close analogy with the situation in the electroweak theory which has been investigated by many authors. (For a recent review see [3].) As was first pointed out by Gal'tsov and Volkov [4], the Bartnik-McKinnon solution can be interpreted as a sphaleron, in other words, as a static saddle point solution separating vacua with different Chern-Simons number.…”