Elektroautos in einer von erneuerbaren Energien geprägten Energiewirtschaft

Abstract

The German Federal Government wants to establish Germany as a leading market for electric mobility. Potential environmental benefits and changes in the economic framework conditions of the energy sector are described in this paper. In order to quantify the electricity split which is actually used for charging electric vehicles, two economic models for the energy sector, a model for the market penetration of electric vehicles, a vehicle model and an LCA model are brought together. Based on an assumed dynamic increase of electric vehicles to 12 million in 2030, an additional electricity demand of about 18 TWh is calculated. If the vehicles are charged directly after their last daily trip, the peak load increases by 12% despite the small increase in electricity demand. First model calculations for the development of the European power generation system show that the direct impact on the construction of new power plants remains low even until 2030. An impact of electric mobility on CO2 certificate prices can only be seen from 2025 onwards and is limited to an increase in certificate prices by a maximum of 8 % in 2030. An optimisation is possible with intelligent charging strategies: The peak load without demand side management can be reduced by 5 GW and about 600 GWh of additional wind energy can used which would otherwise have been throttled due to feed-in management—about 3.5 % of the total electricity demand of electric vehicles. On the other hand, demand side management leads to more coal power plants instead of gas power plants being used to meet the additional electricity demand. If additional renewable sources are installed along with demand side management, the electricity for electric vehicles is almost carbon free. This is also reflected in the life cycle balance of electric vehicles which also includes vehicle and battery production: With today’s average electricity split in Germany, the greenhouse gas emissions of electric vehicles are about comparable to vehicles with conventional combustion engines. However, the electricity split in 2030 or the use of additional renewable energy sources lead to a significant advantage in the greenhouse gas balance

The potential of carbon dioxide emission reductions in German commercial transport by electric vehicles

“…Altogether, these efforts lead to a promising development of electric mobility. This is confirmed by several scenarios (Kay et al 2013;Mock 2010;Pehnt et al 2011), market potential analysis (Gnann et al 2013;Pfahl et al 2013), and government objectives (Proff and Kilian 2012). For 2020, the worldwide sales targets are expected to increase to eight million EV and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) (IEA 2011).…”

How to Integrate Electric Vehicles in the Future Energy System?

“…Figure 4). 3 With regard to the infrastructure, transformers seem to be a bottleneck for the German low voltage grid, especially for high charging rates (Pehnt et al 2011). These effects do highly depend on the network design and its number of households (Stöckl et al 2011).…”

“…These effects do highly depend on the network design and its number of households (Stöckl et al 2011). (Kaschub et al 2010) In the transmission network, the impact of electric vehicles is rather low due to the relatively little additional electricity demand compared to overall electricity consumption -this is also true for the power plant portfolio Pehnt et al 2011). However, other political framework conditions, e. g. the increasing volatile electricity supply by renewable energies, in particular wind, have a much stronger impact on the transmission grid (e. g. DENA 2005 and.…”

Bereitstellung von Regelleistung durch Elektrofahrzeuge: Modellrechnungen für Deutschland im Jahr 2035

“…2 Vgl. Pehnt et al (2011), Pregger et al (2013), Schill und Gerbaulet (2015) sowie die dort zitierte internationale Fachliteratur. Eine systemoptimierte Aufladung könnte durch sogenannte Aggregatoren organisiert werden, d.h. Dienstleister, die viele einzelne Fahrzeuge gebündelt an den Strommarkt bringen.…”