Elektrochemische Reaktoren für die Wasserbehandlung

Abstract

Bei der Aufbereitung von (Ab-)Wasser haben elektrochemische Verfahren verschiedene Vorteile gegenüber anderen Aufbereitungsmethoden. Sie sind robust, einfach in der Betriebsführung und flexibel bei Schwankungen der Abwasserfracht. Zudem kann ein relativ breites Spektrum an organischen und anorganischen Verunreinigungen entfernt werden. Dieser Beitrag gibt eine Ü bersicht zu den elektrochemischen Reaktoren, die in der Aufbereitung von Wasser, Prozesswasser und Abwasser bereits eingesetzt oder beforscht werden. Es werden zunächst einige wesentliche Grundlagen der elektrochemischen Verfahren zur Behandlung von Wasser vorgestellt und Beispiele für Anwendungen gegeben. Daran schließt sich die Beschreibung der verwendeten Reaktoren an. Schlagwörter: Elektrochemische Reaktoren, Elektrolyse, Mikrobielle Brennstoffzelle, WasserreinigungRegarding the treatment of (waste)water, electrochemical processes have various advantages over other methods. They are robust, easy to operate and flexible in case of fluctuating wastewater load. In addition, a relatively broad spectrum of organic and inorganic impurities can be removed. This contribution provides an overview of electrochemical reactors for water, process water and wastewater treatment, which are already in technical-scale operation or subject of research. Some essential basics of electrochemical processes for the treatment of water are presented and examples for applications are given. This is followed by a description of the reactors.

Electrochemical Crystallization Concept for Succinic Acid Reduces Waste Salt Production

“…6 displays a schematic change of the pH near the anode surface and in the bulk over experimentation time. Similar behavior was reported for different electrochemical reactors and application at the cathode [23,24,27].…”

“…Contrary, the configuration presented in this work avoids membrane fouling because crystallization does not occur near the membrane. Similar techniques are published for water softening [23,24], but in these approaches, the solid crystalline phase is not the desired product. Furthermore, the performance of the EIC is analyzed with regards to product quality as for example crystal size distribution (CSD) and purity of the recovered crystals.…”

“…The rate of the EIC is adjustable by the proton-production rate, but crystal properties will change due to different supersaturation gradients. Similar behavior was reported for the influence of the current density on the electrochemical precipitation rate of calcite and brucite at the cathode induced by OH - [23].…”

Improving the Treatment Efficiency and Lowering the Operating Costs of Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes

“…The ideal anodes for this purpose are made of SnO 2 , PbO 2 , Ti 4 O 7 , or boron-doped diamond (BDD) [4]. BDD anodes have high corrosion and electrochemical stability and a wide potential window for water discharge, resulting in high yields of hydroxyl radicals (•OH, Equation (1) [5]); therefore, reactors with BDD electrodes producing •OH are capable of mineralizing nearly every organic compound [2,6,7] and were, therefore, chosen for this study.…”

Perspectives of Wood-Inspired Electro-Fenton Catalysis for Energy-Efficient Wastewater Decontamination

“…The design of intelligent devices is crucial for enhancing mass transfer, selectivity, and activity in electro-Fenton reactions, thereby improving the efficiency of pollutant removal. Several common reactor modes include batch, flow-by, and flow-through systems. , Batch systems, such as single-cell and H-cell configurations, are suitable for characterizing the intrinsic performances of materials and systems in small-scale laboratory experiments but are not suitable for large-scale industrial applications. Flow-by and flow-through systems have great potential for upscale applications.…”