“…95–112 The products are established as critical chemicals for the preparation of biomass-derived polymers—polyethylene glycol 2,5-furandicarboxylate (PEF, 17 ), 94 which may replace polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET), and many fine chemicals listed as 8 , 9 , 15 , 16 . Among these reactions, the transformation of aldehydes 6 or 11 could proceed via acceptorless dehydrogenation (AD) 113–116 or a two-electron (2e − ) oxidation pathway, which dictates the fate of the adsorbed hydrogen on the catalyst surface—either combination into hydrogen gas (H 2 ) or oxidization into H 2 O, respectively. 18 could be upgraded to an important chelating agent, glucaric acid ( 19 ), 117 which addresses the very large detergent surfactant market, and finally yield a series of useful chemicals involving α-ketoglucaric acid, a starting substance for new polymeric materials.…”