Elektronenmikroskopische Abbildung ferroelektrischer Dom�nen in d�nnen BaTiO3-Einkristallschichten

Pfisterer, H.; Fuchs, E.; Liesk, Wolfgang

doi:10.1007/bf00640808

Cited by 26 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The 90" domain walls are (101) twin boundaries. Similar TEM observations of the walls were independently reported by Pfisterer et al [2] and Blank and Arnelinckx [3]. Nakamura and Midorikawa [4] found the existence of (111) twins in single BaTiO, films by the reflection electron diffraction method.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 85%

High-Resolution Electron Microscopy Study of Domain Boundaries and Dislocation Loops in BaTiO3 Crystals

Shiojiri

Isshiki

Saijo

et al. 1992

Phys. Stat. Sol. (a)

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 85%

High-Resolution Electron Microscopy Study of Domain Boundaries and Dislocation Loops in BaTiO3 Crystals

Shiojiri

Isshiki

Saijo

et al. 1992

Phys. Stat. Sol. (a)

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“…Electric polarization in ferroelectrics. Ferroelectric phenomena were observed as early as 1962 [70,71] in a conventional TEM. However, only domain walls give rise to a contrast, whereas the polarization, which is a phase structure, remains invisible.…”

Section: Figure 34mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron holography—basics and applications

2007

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Despite the huge progress achieved recently by means of the corrector for aberrations, allowing now a true atomic resolution of 0.1 nm, hence making it an unrivalled tool for nanoscience, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) suffers from a severe drawback: in a conventional electron micrograph only a poor phase contrast can be achieved, i.e. phase structures are virtually invisible. Therefore, conventional TEM is nearly blind for electric and magnetic fields, which are pure phase objects. Since such fields provoked by the atomic structure, e.g. of semiconductors and ferroelectrics, largely determine the solid state properties, hence the importance for high technology applications, substantial object information is missing. Electron holography in TEM offers the solution: by superposition with a coherent reference wave, a hologram is recorded, from which the image wave can be completely reconstructed by amplitude and phase. Now the object is displayed quantitatively in two separate images: one representing the amplitude, the other the phase. From the phase image, electric and magnetic fields can be determined quantitatively in the range from micrometre down to atomic dimensions by all wave optical methods that one can think of, both in real space and in Fourier space. Electron holography is pure wave optics. Therefore, we discuss the basics of coherence and interference, the implementation into a TEM, the path of rays for recording holograms as well as the limits in lateral and signal resolution. We outline the methods of reconstructing the wave by numerical image processing and procedures for extracting the object properties of interest. Furthermore, we present a broad spectrum of applications both at mesoscopic and atomic dimensions. This paper gives an overview of the state of the art pointing at the needs for further development. It is also meant as encouragement for those who refrain from holography, thinking that it can only be performed by specialists in highly specialized laboratories. In fact, a modern TEM built for atomic resolution and equipped with a field emitter or a Schottky emitter, well aligned by a skilled operator, can deliver good holograms. Running commercially available image processing software and mathematics programs on a laptop-computer is sufficient for reconstruction of the amplitude and phase images and extracting desirable object information.

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“…Pfister et al [6] and Tanaka et al [7] performed some of the earliest TEM studies on ferroelectrics; they were able to show the existence of ferroelectric domain boundaries by looking at the microstructure of the ferroelectric material. Since then, there have been numerous studies of such domain boundaries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical study of ferroelectric nanoparticles using phase reconstructed electron microscopy

et al. 2014

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Ferroelectric nanostructures are important for a variety of applications in electronic and electro-optical devices, including nonvolatile memories and thin-film capacitors. These applications involve stability and switching of polarization using external stimuli, such as electric fields. We present a theoretical model describing how the shape of a nanoparticle affects its polarization in the absence of screening charges, and quantify the electron-optical phase shift for detecting ferroelectric signals with phase-sensitive techniques in a transmission electron microscope. We provide an example phase shift computation for a uniformly polarized prolate ellipsoid with varying aspect ratio in the absence of screening charges.

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Elektronenmikroskopische Abbildung ferroelektrischer Dom�nen in d�nnen BaTiO3-Einkristallschichten

Cited by 26 publications

References 2 publications

High-Resolution Electron Microscopy Study of Domain Boundaries and Dislocation Loops in BaTiO3 Crystals

High-Resolution Electron Microscopy Study of Domain Boundaries and Dislocation Loops in BaTiO3 Crystals

Electron holography—basics and applications

Theoretical study of ferroelectric nanoparticles using phase reconstructed electron microscopy

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