Element by element review of their atomic weights

Peiser, H. S.; Holden, N.E.; Bièvre, Paul De; Barnes, I. L.; Hagemann, R.; Laeter, J. R. De; Murphy, Thomas J.; Roth, E.S.; Shima, Masako; Thode, H. G.

doi:10.1351/pac198456060695

Cited by 92 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…[4] These three footnotes "were later discarded because they had no consequential effect for the user other than that inherent in the tabulated atomic weight and uncertainty values." [2] Footnote "f" (Most commonly available long-lived isotope) was later discarded because a table of radioactive isotopes was provided. The footnote "g", which indicated some geological specimens could have a highly anomalous isotopic composition and atomic weight, was attached to argon, strontium, lead, and radium.…”

Section: Past Footnotes and Annotations Of Atomic-weight Tablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A normal material was defined in the 1969 TSAW [4] and again by Peiser et al [2], and the definition is provided in Section 1. The first use of normal material in a footnote was in the 1971 TSAW [5], for footnote "d":…”

Section: Normal Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before 1979, the Commission Tables were titled "Table of Atomic Weights" or similarly, but the intent to publish tables of standard atomic weights was the same, and these pre-1979 tables are identified as TSAWs herein. Each standard atomic-weight value reflects the best knowledge of evaluated, published data [2,3] of normal materials. The implied range of each standard atomic weight is intended to apply to all samples of sources of normal materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Commission's 1969 report, a "normal" material was defined as [4]: "A 'normal' material is one that contains as a major constituent a specified element with an atomic weight value that does not display a significant difference from the accepted value of that atomic weight because of: This definition was updated in the 1971 TSAW [5]: "artificial alteration" was updated to "artificial isotopic fractionation" and "mutation" was updated to "artificial nuclear reaction". In 1984, the Commission revised the definition of a normal material to a material from a terrestrial source that satisfies the following criteria [2]:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For abnormal sources, an atomic-weight value may lie outside the normal range, and users are warned of such a possibility by footnotes to the TSAW. The use of such footnotes and annotations was summarized by Peiser et al [2]: "For quite extraordinary occurrences and other abnormal sources with abnormal atomic weights outside an otherwise acceptable range, the Commission uses annotations given in footnotes that are an integral part of the Tables of Standard Atomic Weights. Describing such abnormalities merely in the text of biennial reports would surely cause the warnings to be overlooked by more of the affected users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Review of footnotes and annotations to the 1949–2013 tables of standard atomic weights and tables of isotopic compositions of the elements (IUPAC Technical Report)

Coplen

Holden

2016

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Abstract:The Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights uses annotations given in footnotes that are an integral part of the Tables of Standard Atomic Weights to alert users to the possibilities of quite extraordinary occurrences, as well as sources with abnormal atomic-weight values outside an otherwise acceptable range. The basic need for footnotes to the Standard Atomic Weights Table and equivalent annotations to the Table of Isotopic Compositions of the Elements arises from the necessity to provide users with information that is relevant to one or more elements, but that cannot be provided using numerical data in columns. Any desire to increase additional information conveyed by annotations to these Tables is tempered by the need to preserve a compact format and a style that can alert users, who would not be inclined to consult either the last full element-by-element review or the full text of a current Standard Atomic Weights of the Elements report. Since 1989, the footnotes of the Tables of Standard Atomic Weights and the annotations in column 5 of the Table of Isotopic Compositions of the Elements have been harmonized by use of three lowercase footnotes, "g", "m", and "r", that signify geologically exceptionally specimens ("g"), modified isotopic compositions in material subjected to undisclosed or inadvertent isotopic fractionation ("m"), and the range in isotopic composition of normal terrestrial material prevents more precise atomic-weight value being given ("r"). As some elements are assigned intervals for their standard atomic-weight values (applies to 12 elements since 2009), footnotes "g" and "r" are no longer needed for these elements.

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Section: Past Footnotes and Annotations Of Atomic-weight Tablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Normal Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Review of footnotes and annotations to the 1949–2013 tables of standard atomic weights and tables of isotopic compositions of the elements (IUPAC Technical Report)

Coplen

Holden

2016

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Hydride Generation Sample Introduction for Spectroscopic Analysis in Environmental Samples

Narasaki

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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The hydride generation (HG) technique using sodium tetrahydroborate(III) (SBH) is applied to atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP/AES), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS). All the detection limits using the HG technique are less than those for solution nebulization. Chemical speciation in the HG technique is effected by changing the pH of the solution, the cold trap method and various hyphenated techniques. The author used a gas–liquid separator containing a spiral tube to separate efficiently the hydrides from solution. This minimized the consumption of the sample and SBH solutions and of the hydrogen evolution compared with the continuous‐flow method. The author used a high‐resolution ICP/MS instrument which allowed the use of hydrochloric acid in the sample preparation of arsenic and the determination of selenium without its isotopes.

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Mass spectrometry in cosmochemistry

Laeter

John²

1990

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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Element by element review of their atomic weights

Cited by 92 publications

References 33 publications

Review of footnotes and annotations to the 1949–2013 tables of standard atomic weights and tables of isotopic compositions of the elements (IUPAC Technical Report)

Review of footnotes and annotations to the 1949–2013 tables of standard atomic weights and tables of isotopic compositions of the elements (IUPAC Technical Report)

Hydride Generation Sample Introduction for Spectroscopic Analysis in Environmental Samples

Mass spectrometry in cosmochemistry

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