Element loss on rain forest conversion in East Amazonia: comparison of balances of stores and fluxes

Klinge, Rudolf; Martins, A.R. Araujo; Mackensen, Jens; Fölster, H.

doi:10.1023/b:biog.0000031040.38388.9b

Cited by 27 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…3.4). Conversion of forest or jungle rubber to rubber and oil palm plantations was accompanied by the burning of slashed vegetation, whereby considerable amounts of bases and P could be released from the plant biomass to ashes (Klinge et al, 2004). Input of these nutrients to the soil from the ashes, combined with P fertilization and liming (particularly in the oil palm plantations), significantly increased soil pH in both rubber and oil palm as well as base saturation and Bray-extractable P in oil palm (Table A1; Allen et al, 2015).…”

Section: Effects Of Land-use Change On Co 2 and Ch 4 Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high ecosystem productivity is possible despite the nutrient-poor soils because of efficient cycling of rock-derived nutrients (phosphorus (P) and base cations) between vegetation and soil and also high soil nitrogen (N) availability caused by biological N fixation (Hedin et al, 2009). Conversion of tropical forest to agricultural land-use systems does not only decrease biodiversity and contribute to climate change (Danielsen et al, 2009) but also alters soil fertility and soil physical properties in the newly established land-use systems (Dechert et al, 2004;Klinge et al, 2004). Burning of slashed vegetation is typically part of forest conversion, releasing large amounts of nutrients previously bound in the vegetation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Burning of slashed vegetation is typically part of forest conversion, releasing large amounts of nutrients previously bound in the vegetation. A considerable part of these nutrients ends up in the soil but is susceptible to losses (through leaching and gaseous emission), which are especially high in the earlier years of crop establishment and decrease with time (Klinge et al, 2004). Furthermore, forest conversion is often associated with increases in soil bulk density.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Soil fertility controls soil–atmosphere carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in a tropical landscape converted from lowland forest to rubber and oil palm plantations

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Expansion of palm oil and rubber production, for which global demand is increasing, causes rapid deforestation in Sumatra, Indonesia, and is expected to continue in the next decades. Our study aimed to (1) quantify changes in soil CO 2 and CH 4 fluxes with land-use change and (2) determine their controlling factors. In Jambi Province, Sumatra, we selected two landscapes on heavily weathered soils that differ mainly in texture: loam and clay Acrisol soils. In each landscape, we investigated the reference land-use types (forest and secondary forest with regenerating rubber) and the converted land-use types (rubber, 7-17 years old, and oil palm plantations, 9-16 years old). We measured soil CO 2 and CH 4 fluxes monthly from December 2012 to December 2013. Annual soil CO 2 fluxes from the reference land-use types were correlated with soil fertility: low extractable phosphorus (P) coincided with high annual CO 2 fluxes from the loam Acrisol soil that had lower fertility than the clay Acrisol soil (P < 0.05). Soil CO 2 fluxes from the oil palm (107.2 to 115.7 mg C m −2 h −1 ) decreased compared to the other land-use types (between 178.7 and 195.9 mg C m −2 h −1 ; P < 0.01). Across land-use types, annual CO 2 fluxes were positively correlated with soil organic carbon (C) and negatively correlated with 15 N signatures, extractable P and base saturation. This suggests that the reduced soil CO 2 fluxes from oil palm were the result of strongly decomposed soil organic matter and reduced soil C stocks due to reduced litter input as well as being due to a possible reduction in C allocation to roots due to improved soil fertility from liming and P fertilization in these plantations. Soil CH 4 uptake in the reference landuse types was negatively correlated with net nitrogen (N) mineralization and soil mineral N, suggesting N limitation of CH 4 uptake, and positively correlated with exchangeable aluminum (Al), indicating a decrease in methanotrophic activity at high Al saturation. Reduction in soil CH 4 uptake in the converted land-use types (ranging from −3.0 to −14.9 µg C m −2 h −1 ) compared to the reference land-use types (ranging from −20.8 to −40.3 µg C m −2 h −1 ; P < 0.01) was due to a decrease in soil N availability in the converted land-use types. Our study shows for the first time that differences in soil fertility control the soil-atmosphere exchange of CO 2 and CH 4 in a tropical landscape, a mechanism that we were able to detect by conducting this study on the landscape scale.

show abstract

Section: Effects Of Land-use Change On Co 2 and Ch 4 Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Soil fertility controls soil–atmosphere carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in a tropical landscape converted from lowland forest to rubber and oil palm plantations

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In old-growth tropical forests, some of the factors influencing N status are altitude (lowland vs. montane), soil age or degree of development, substrate type, temperature, rainfall, soil texture, and presence of an organic layer. Lowland forests show larger N contents in leaf and litterfall (Tanner et al 1998), larger NO 3 À leaching losses (Hedin et al 2003, Klinge et al 2004, Dechert et al 2005, Schwendenmann and Veldkamp 2005, larger N-oxide emissions (Keller and Reiners 1994, Davidson et al 2000, Purbopuspito et al 2006, Koehler et al 2009a, and larger 15 N signatures in leaves and soils (Martinelli et al 1999) than montane forests. These observations support the speculation that N is in relative excess in old-growth lowland forests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of elevated N input on soil N cycling and losses in old‐growth lowland and montane forests in Panama

Corre

Veldkamp

Arnold

et al. 2010

Ecology

161

205

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Nitrogen deposition is projected to increase rapidly in tropical ecosystems, but changes in soil-N-cycling processes in tropical ecosystems under elevated N input are less well understood. We used N-addition experiments to achieve N-enriched conditions in mixedspecies, lowland and montane forests in Panama. Our objectives were to (1) assess changes in soil mineral N production (gross rates of N mineralization and nitrification) and retention (microbial immobilization and rapid reactions to organic N) during 1-and 9-yr N additions in the lowland forest and during 1-yr N addition in the montane forest and (2) relate these changes to N leaching and N-oxide emissions.In the old-growth lowland forest located on an Inceptisol, with high base saturation and net primary production not limited by N, there was no immediate effect of first-year N addition on gross rates of mineral-N production and N-oxide emissions. Changes in soil-N processes were only apparent in chronic (9 yr) N-addition plots: gross N mineralization and nitrification rates, NO 3 À leaching, and N-oxide emissions increased, while microbial biomass and NH 4 þ immobilization rates decreased compared to the control. Increased mineral-N production under chronic N addition was paralleled by increased substrate quality (e.g., reduced C:N ratios of litterfall), while the decrease in microbial biomass was possibly due to an increase in soil acidity. An increase in N losses was reflected in the increase in 15 N signatures of litterfall under chronic N addition.In contrast, the old-growth montane forest located on an Andisol, with low base saturation and aboveground net primary production limited by N, reacted to first-year N addition with increases in gross rates of mineral-N production, microbial biomass, NO 3 À leaching, and Noxide emissions compared to the control. The increased N-oxide emissions were attributed to increased nitrification activity in the organic layer, and the high NO 3 À availability combined with the high rainfall on this sandy loam soil facilitated the instantaneous increase in NO 3 À leaching. These results suggest that soil type, presence of an organic layer, changes in soil-N cycling, and hydrological properties are more important indicators than vegetation as an N sink on how tropical forests respond to elevated N input.

show abstract

“…This, combined with intense rain showers and reduced interception on cleared sites, often result in nutrient losses through leaching (e.g. Bruijnzeel 1995;Klinge et al 2004). Erosion and runoff on slopes, and volatilization by regular burning of weed-or harvest-residues on agricultural sites add to losses of nutrients (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Partial Nutrient Balances Suitable to Evaluate Nutrient Sustainability of Land use Systems? Results from a Case Study in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Dechert

Veldkamp

Brumme

2005

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nutrient input-output balances are often used as indicators for the sustainability of land use systems. In a case study on plot scale in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, we measured nutrient input-output balances of natural rainforest and two unfertilized land use systems (maize, and coffee/cacao agroforestry). These are the two major land use systems on converted rainforest sites in this part of Sulawesi. We wanted to test if (a) plant nutrient balances are negative, (b) which pathway is most important for losses of plant nutrients, and (c) if partial plant nutrient balances are suitable to evaluate sustainability of the land use systems. We measured nutrient inputs by precipitation and nutrient outputs by harvest export and leaching. We selected two locations, the first was situated on a fertile Cambisol developed on alluvial sediment soil, and the second on a less fertile Cambisol developed on weathered phyllite substrate. Nutrient losses through leaching were higher on sites with higher soil fertility. Nutrient balances in natural forest on fertile soils were negative for N, Ca, K and Mg. Inputs of P by precipitation and outputs by leaching were below detection limit. On less fertile soils, leaching of N and K in natural forest was lower than inputs by precipitation. As net nutrient losses were highest in agroforestry, followed by maize and natural forest stands, forest conversion into agricultural land will result in increased nutrient losses. Main output pathway of N, P and K was harvest, whereas main output pathway for Ca and Mg was through leaching. The annual losses of nutrients we measured were higher than in comparable studies on nutrient poor soils; however losses were only small fractions of available nutrient stocks. Our results showed negative partial nutrient balances in both agricultural systems. Nutrient balances in this study were more influenced by native soil fertility than by land use. Because we found indirect evidence that some nutrient pathways, which were not measured, may have significantly changed the overall balance (biological N fixation, weathering), we conclude that partial nutrient balances are no good indicators for sustainability of land use systems.

show abstract

Element loss on rain forest conversion in East Amazonia: comparison of balances of stores and fluxes

Cited by 27 publications

References 24 publications

Soil fertility controls soil–atmosphere carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in a tropical landscape converted from lowland forest to rubber and oil palm plantations

Soil fertility controls soil–atmosphere carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in a tropical landscape converted from lowland forest to rubber and oil palm plantations

Impact of elevated N input on soil N cycling and losses in old‐growth lowland and montane forests in Panama

Are Partial Nutrient Balances Suitable to Evaluate Nutrient Sustainability of Land use Systems? Results from a Case Study in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About