Elemental analysis by PIXE and other IBA techniques and their application to source fingerprinting of atmospheric fine particle pollution

Cohen, David D.; Bailey, G.M.; Kondepudi, Ramesh

doi:10.1016/0168-583x(95)00912-4

Cited by 88 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The substrates were analysed using accelerator-based Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) techniques (PIXE and PIGE) at ANSTO (Cohen, 1993;1998;Cohen et al, 1996). The IBA technique uses an 8 mm diameter beam of 2.6 MeV protons with 10-15 nA target current.…”

Section: Aerosol Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical, physical and chemical characteristics of Australian continental aerosols: results from a field experiment

Radhi

Box

et al. 2010

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Mineral dust is one of the major components of the world's aerosol mix, having a number of impacts within the Earth system. However, the climate forcing impact of mineral dust is currently poorly constrained, with even its sign uncertain. As Australian deserts are more reddish than those in the Northern Hemisphere, it is important to better understand the physical, chemical and optical properties of this important aerosol. We have investigated the properties of Australian desert dust at a site in SW Queensland, which is strongly influenced by both dust and biomass burning aerosol.Three years of ground-based monitoring of spectral optical thickness has provided a statistical picture of gross aerosol properties. The aerosol optical depth data showed a clear though moderate seasonal cycle with an annual mean of 0.06 ± 0.03. The Angstrom coefficient showed a stronger cycle, indicating the influence of the winter-spring burning season in Australia's north. AERONET size distributions showed a generally bimodal character, with the coarse mode assumed to be mineral dust, and the fine mode a mixture of fine dust, biomass burning and marine biogenic material.In November 2006 we undertook a field campaign which collected 4 sets of size-resolved aerosol samples for laboratory analysis -ion beam analysis and ion chromatography. Ion beam analysis was used to determine the elemental composition of all filter samples, although elemental ratios were considered the most reliable output. Scatter plots showed that Fe, Al and Ti were well correlated with Si, and Co reasonably well correlated with Si, with the Fe/Al ratio somewhat higher than values reported from Northern Hemisphere sites (as expected). Scatter plots for Ca, Mn and K against Si showed Correspondence to: M. A. Box (m.box@unsw.edu.au) clear evidence of a second population, which in some cases could be identified with a particular sample day or size fraction. These data may be used to attempt to build a signature of soil in this region of the Australian interior.Ion chromatography was used to quantify water soluble ions for 2 of our sample sets, complementing the picture provided by ion beam analysis. The strong similarities between the MSA and SO 2− 4 size distributions argue strongly for a marine origin of much of the SO 2− 4 . The similarity of the Na + , Cl − and Mg 2+ size distributions also argue for a marine contribution. Further, we believe that both NO are the result of surface reactions with appropriate gases.

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Section: Aerosol Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical, physical and chemical characteristics of Australian continental aerosols: results from a field experiment

Radhi

Box

et al. 2010

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Furthermore, the yields of X-rays and gamma rays after just a few minutes irradiation by several nanoamps of 2 to 4 MeV protons were sufficient to provide elemental concentrations for the majority of elements of interest in air pollution studies. Therefore, PIXE in aerosol studies is receiving renewed interest globally in conjunction with other nuclear methods commonly known as ion beam analysis (IBA) technique that are well-suited to particle and aerosol filter analysis (Cohen et al, 1996;1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-element Analysis and Characterization of Atmospheric Particulate Pollution in Dhaka

Begum

Biswas

Hopke

et al. 2006

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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PIXE (Proton Induced X-Ray Emission) and PIGE (Proton Induced Gamma Ray Emission) have been used to measure the concentration of over 20 elements present in coarse and fine atmospheric particle samples. These samples were collected at a semi-residential site at Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2002 to June 2003. The multi-elemental capability of PIXE and PIGE enabled the use of these elemental-concentration data to define fingerprints of various coarse and fine particle sources in the atmosphere using factor analysis along with linear regression. Biplots between a major component of a given source identified by the factor analysis with another signature element were prepared. Regression analyses could then be performed on a subset of the plot to quantify the relationship between these constituents in this fingerprint. The identified fingerprints included anthropogenic sources, such as motor vehicles, Zn source, two-stroke engine, and fugitive Pb; as well as natural sources, such as sea spray and soil dust. In this study, the chemical compositions of elements of these fingerprints were compared with the results obtained from PMF modeling that had been obtained in a previous study.

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“…The xray spectra obtained from IBA measurements were analyzed using the computer code GUPIX (Maxwell et al, 1989;Maxwell et al, 1995). Elemental analyses from H to Pb were performed on the Teflon filters using IBA (Cohen et al, 1996). The method is described in detail elsewhere (Landsberger and Creachman, 1998).…”

Section: Multielemental Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of haze-creating sources from fine particulate matter in Dhaka aerosol using carbon fractions

Begum

Hopke

2013

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) samples were simultaneously collected on Teflon and quartz filters between February 2010 and February 2011 at an urban monitoring site (CAMS2) in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The samples were collected using AirMetrics MiniVol samplers. The samples on Teflon filters were analyzed for their elemental composition by PIXE and PESA. Particulate carbon on quartz filters was analyzed using the IMPROVE thermal optical reflectance (TOR) method that divides carbon into four organic carbons (OC), pyrolized organic carbon (OP), and three elemental carbon (EC) fractions. The data were analyzed by positive matrix factorization using the PMF2 program. Initially, only total OC and total EC were included in the analysis and five sources, including road dust, sea salt and Zn, soil dust, motor vehicles, and brick kilns, were obtained. In the second analysis, the eight carbon fractions (OC1, OC2, OC3, OC4, OP, EC1, EC2, EC3) were included in order to ascertain whether additional source information could be extracted from the data. In this case, it is possible to identify more sources than with only total OC and EC. The motor vehicle source was separated into gasoline and diesel emissions and a fugitive Pb source was identified. Brick kilns contribute 7.9 g/m 3 and 6.0 g/m 3 of OC and EC, respectively, to the fine particulate matter based on the two results. From the estimated mass extinction coefficients and the apportioned source contributions, soil dust, brick kiln, diesel, gasoline, and the Pb sources were found to contribute most strongly to visibility degradation, particularly in the winter.Implications: Fine particle concentrations in Dhaka, Bangladesh, are very high and cause significant degradation of urban visibility. This work shows that using carbon fraction data from the IMPROVE OC/EC protocol provides improved source apportionment. Soil dust, brick kiln, diesel, gasoline, and the Pb sources contribute strongly to haze, particularly in the winter.

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Elemental analysis by PIXE and other IBA techniques and their application to source fingerprinting of atmospheric fine particle pollution

Cited by 88 publications

References 5 publications

Optical, physical and chemical characteristics of Australian continental aerosols: results from a field experiment

Optical, physical and chemical characteristics of Australian continental aerosols: results from a field experiment

Multi-element Analysis and Characterization of Atmospheric Particulate Pollution in Dhaka

Identification of haze-creating sources from fine particulate matter in Dhaka aerosol using carbon fractions

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