Elemental analysis using a handheld X-Ray fluorescence spectrometer

Groover, Krishangi D.; Izbicki, John A.

doi:10.3133/fs20163043

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Using an X -ray analyser (Niton Thermal Scientific, model Xlt), the minerals of the flour were determined. The obtained values resulted from the energetic detection of electrons according to the electromagnetic spectrum in the range of X -rays emitted by the elements that make up the sample (Groover and Izbicki, 2016). Three samples were processed for each wheat variety, with each reading lasting 360 seconds.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated chemical and technological approach for assessing Portuguese wheat flours quality and lengthening bread shelf-life

Lidon¹,

Daccak

Silva³

et al. 2019

Emir J Food Agric

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The current trend of large-scale bread production is to facilitate processing at an industrial level, considering the use of flour mixtures with different chemical and technological parameters and incorporating food additives. Accordingly, costs can be minimized, whereas the quality and the shelf-life of the final product might increase, but a full characterization of the flours that must be used and the selection of the food additives to be incorporated into the dough is required. In this context, three Portuguese wheat flour varieties were evaluated (FariRamos, Nacional and AJMiranda), as well as two types of food additives with the aim to increase bread shelf-life. In these flours, the levels of K, S, P, Ca and Cl prevailed, but the moisture and ash contents of FariRamos were the highest and lowest, respectively. The colour of all flours was generally within the desired standard values. Nacional flour contained a higher fat content, but all the flours showed a higher relative abundance of linoleic acid (C18:2), followed by palmitic acid (C16:0) and oleic acid (C18:1). AJMiranda flour revealed a higher content of wet gluten and protein, but the SDS sedimentation index showed a higher value in the FariRamos flour. The fall index, which directly monitors the activity of the α-amylase enzyme, showed a lower value in AJMiranda and Nacional. Through farinograph and alveographyc analysis it was found that FariRamos has a tenacious gluten, but AJMiranda and Nacional had a balanced gluten, yet all of them can be classified as medium flours. Bread making with a mix of FariRamos, AJMiranda and Nacional flours and incorporating preservative food additives revealed the highest shelf-life (11-days) with methyl p-hydroxybenzoate [0.05 %] and benzoic acid [0.1 %], but the colour of the breads showed a relationship of intensity of white colour that depended on the additive used. At the end of the shelf-life, molds of the Eurotium, Trichoderma and Cladosporium genera developed in the bread. It was concluded that the chemical and technological approach applied in the characterization of the flour varieties, can be directly used to define the quality and shelf-life in the bakery industry, allowing the establishment of minimum commercialization prices.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated chemical and technological approach for assessing Portuguese wheat flours quality and lengthening bread shelf-life

Lidon¹,

Daccak

Silva³

et al. 2019

Emir J Food Agric

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“…Portable (handheld) X-ray fluorescence measurements were made using an energy-dispersive DP-4000 Delta Premium X-ray fluorescence analyzer (Olympus, Waltham, Massachusetts), equipped with a 4-watt X-ray tube (Groover, 2016). The instrument measures concentrations of 27 elements; data for 18 of those elements, including chromium, were used in multivariate statistical analyses presented in this chapter.…”

Section: B31 Field and Laboratory Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar results were obtained for rock and surficial alluvium from a regional-scale study by Groover and Izbicki (2019) The purpose of this chapter is to evaluate the distribution of chromium in rock, alluvium, and core material from wells and to identify potential sources of chromium within Hinkley and Water Valleys. Scope of this work included measurement and interpretation of chromium and other selected trace-element concentrations in geologic material using portable (handheld) X-ray fluorescence (pXRF; Groover, 2016;Groover and Izbicki, 2018). Portable (handheld) X-ray fluorescence data are easily and inexpensively collected but are generally considered to be less accurate than other techniques used to measure elemental concentrations in geologic materials.…”

Section: B1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of chromium and selected element concentrations in rock, alluvium, and core material

Izbicki¹,

Groover²

2023

Professional Paper

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This study was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) with input from a technical working group (TWG) composed of community members, the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB), the Independent Review Panel Manager (Project Navigator, Ltd.), Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E), and consultants for PG&E. The study was funded cooperatively under an agreement between the Lahontan RWQCB and the USGS. Funding for the study was provided by PG&E to the Lahontan RWQCB. Logistical support for field work, including access to wells, was provided by PG&E. The TWG met approximately quarterly during the study to provide input to the study, and the Hinkley community was updated annually on study progress.The authors thank the many people involved in the design and implementation of this study including the staff of the Lahontan RWQCB, the staff of PG&E and their consultants, and the staff of Project Navigator, Ltd. The authors also acknowledge and thank the many involved community members who allowed access to their properties for sample collection, and who collectively donated thousands of hours on behalf of the local community in support of this project and for resolution of other issues related to anthropogenic hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), within the Hinkley area.

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“…Data from these techniques were used to evaluate changes to materials within microcosms that occurred during the reduction, oxidation, and elevated Cr reduction experiments. The pXRF at the USGS in Menlo Park, Calif., was used to determine the chemical composition of bulk and size-fractionated materials that were not analyzed by pXRF at the USGS facility in San Diego, Calif. (Groover, 2016). Optical microscopy was used to characterize changes in thickness of "coatings" on quartz sand grains of artificial substrates and to characterize the density of Fe-and Mn-rich particles associated with the coatings (when present) or exterior of sand grains (when absent).…”

Section: I25 Analysis Of Solid-phase Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequestration and reoxidation of chromium in experimental microcosms

Miller¹,

Bobb²,

Foster³

et al. 2023

Professional Paper

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This study was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) with input from a technical working group (TWG) composed of community members, the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB), the Independent Review Panel Manager (Project Navigator, Ltd.), Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E), and consultants for PG&E. The study was funded cooperatively under an agreement between the Lahontan RWQCB and the USGS. Funding for the study was provided by PG&E to the Lahontan RWQCB. Logistical support for field work, including access to wells, was provided by PG&E. The TWG met approximately quarterly during the study to provide input to the study, and the Hinkley community was updated annually on study progress.The authors thank the many people involved in the design and implementation of this study including the staff of the Lahontan RWQCB, the staff of PG&E and their consultants, and the staff of Project Navigator, Ltd. Specifically the authors thank Margie Gentile of ARCADIS and Betsy Brunswick of PG&E for discussions in preparation for our experiments and Iain Baker and Kevin Sullivan of PG&E for providing the core material from SA-SB-01. The authors thank Doug Choy (USGS, Menlo Park, California) of the Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory for organic carbon analysis. The authors also acknowledge and thank the many involved community members who collectively donated thousands of hours on behalf of the local community in support of this project and for resolution of other issues related to anthropogenic hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), within the Hinkley area.

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Elemental analysis using a handheld X-Ray fluorescence spectrometer

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

An integrated chemical and technological approach for assessing Portuguese wheat flours quality and lengthening bread shelf-life

An integrated chemical and technological approach for assessing Portuguese wheat flours quality and lengthening bread shelf-life

Survey of chromium and selected element concentrations in rock, alluvium, and core material

Sequestration and reoxidation of chromium in experimental microcosms

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