Elemental Carbon Exposure at Residence and Survival After Acute Myocardial Infarction

Klot, Stephanie von; Gryparis, Alexandros; Tonne, Cathryn; Yanosky, Jeffrey; Coull, Brent A.; Goldberg, Robert J.; Lessard, Darleen M.; Melly, Steven J.; Suh, Helen; Schwartz, Joel

doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e31819d9501

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The results of a recent cohort study in California suggest that long-term exposure to OC also increase cardiopulmonary mortality (Ostro et al 2010). Additionally, several previous studies support the biological plausibility of a link between exposure to OC or EC and exacerbations of cardiopulmonary diseases (Gold et al 2005; Henneberger et al 2005; Jansen et al 2005; Lanki et al 2006; Lewne et al 2007; Mar et al 2005; Shih et al 2008; von Klot et al 2009). For example, one study in Germany examined weekly electrocardiograms of 56 men with a history of heart disease and found significant associations of OC or EC with changes in myocardial repolarization, which could increase the risk of sudden cardiac death (Henneberger et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Fine Particulate Matter Constituents and Cardiopulmonary Mortality in a Heavily Polluted Chinese City

Cao

Xu²,

Xu³

et al. 2012

Environ Health Perspect

448

218

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Although ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5; particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter) has been linked to adverse human health effects, the chemical constituents that cause harm are unknown. To our knowledge, the health effects of PM2.5 constituents have not been reported for a developing country.Objectives: We examined the short-term association between PM2.5 constituents and daily mortality in Xi’an, a heavily polluted Chinese city.Methods: We obtained daily mortality data and daily concentrations of PM2.5, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and 10 water-soluble ions for 1 January 2004 through 31 December 2008. We also measured concentrations of fifteen elements 1 January 2006 through 31 December 2008. We analyzed the data using over-dispersed generalized linear Poisson models.Results: During the study period, the mean daily average concentration of PM2.5 in Xi’an was 182.2 µg/m3. Major contributors to PM2.5 mass included OC, EC, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium. After adjustment for PM2.5 mass, we found significant positive associations of total, cardiovascular, or respiratory mortality with OC, EC, ammonium, nitrate, chlorine ion, chlorine, and nickel for at least 1 lag day. Nitrate demonstrated stronger associations with total and cardiovascular mortality than PM2.5 mass. For a 1-day lag, interquartile range increases in PM2.5 mass and nitrate (114.9 and 15.4 µg/m3, respectively) were associated with 1.8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8%, 2.8%] and 3.8% (95% CI: 1.7%, 5.9%) increases in total mortality.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that PM2.5 constituents from the combustion of fossil fuel may have an appreciable influence on the health effects attributable to PM2.5 in Xi’an.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Fine Particulate Matter Constituents and Cardiopulmonary Mortality in a Heavily Polluted Chinese City

Cao

Xu²,

Xu³

et al. 2012

Environ Health Perspect

448

218

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A second study of 1,120 AMI survivors in central Israel reported a positive but statistically nonsignificant association of PM 2.5 with post-AMI mortality (HR 10 = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.8, 2.1) (Koton et al 2013). Similarly, two separate cohort studies in the United States linked increased all-cause deaths among AMI patients to PM 10 (Zanobetti and Schwartz 2007) and elemental carbon (a proxy for traffic particles) (von Klot et al 2009). In contrast, no association was found for NO 2 with post-AMI survival in an Italian cohort of AMI patients (Rosenlund et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among a small set of studies that have assessed the influence of long-term exposure to air pollution on mortality after AMI, three studies reported increased all-cause mortality in association with exposure to PM 2.5 (particles ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter) (Tonne and Wilkinson 2013), PM 10 (Zanobetti and Schwartz 2007), and elemental carbon (C) (von Klot et al 2009). However, in two other studies, no compelling evidence was found for associations with PM 2.5 (Koton et al 2013) or nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) (Rosenlund et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in two other studies, no compelling evidence was found for associations with PM 2.5 (Koton et al 2013) or nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) (Rosenlund et al 2008). Because cause-of-death information was unavailable in previous studies (Tonne and Wilkinson 2013; von Klot et al 2009; Zanobetti and Schwartz 2007), the specificity of the association between air pollution and post-AMI mortality remains uncertain; understanding this association would be helpful for elucidating pathways linking long-term exposure with survival in this subpopulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ambient Fine Particulate Matter and Mortality among Survivors of Myocardial Infarction: Population-Based Cohort Study

Chen

Burnett

Copes

et al. 2016

Environ Health Perspect

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background:Survivors of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are at increased risk of dying within several hours to days following exposure to elevated levels of ambient air pollution. Little is known, however, about the influence of long-term (months to years) air pollution exposure on survival after AMI.Objective:We conducted a population-based cohort study to determine the impact of long-term exposure to fine particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) on post-AMI survival.Methods:We assembled a cohort of 8,873 AMI patients who were admitted to 1 of 86 hospital corporations across Ontario, Canada in 1999–2001. Mortality follow-up for this cohort extended through 2011. Cumulative time-weighted exposures to PM2.5 were derived from satellite observations based on participants’ annual residences during follow-up. We used standard and multilevel spatial random-effects Cox proportional hazards models and adjusted for potential confounders.Results:Between 1999 and 2011, we identified 4,016 nonaccidental deaths, of which 2,147 were from any cardiovascular disease, 1,650 from ischemic heart disease, and 675 from AMI. For each 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR10) of nonaccidental mortality was 1.22 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.45]. The association with PM2.5 was robust to sensitivity analyses and appeared stronger for cardiovascular-related mortality: ischemic heart (HR10 = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.83) and AMI (HR10 = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.13, 2.40). We estimated that 12.4% of nonaccidental deaths (or 497 deaths) could have been averted if the lowest measured concentration in an urban area (4 μg/m3) had been achieved at all locations over the course of the study.Conclusions:Long-term air pollution exposure adversely affects the survival of AMI patients.Citation:Chen H, Burnett RT, Copes R, Kwong JC, Villeneuve PJ, Goldberg MS, Brook RD, van Donkelaar A, Jerrett M, Martin RV, Brook JR, Kopp A, Tu JV. 2016. Ambient fine particulate matter and mortality among survivors of myocardial infarction: population-based cohort study. Environ Health Perspect 124:1421–1428; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP185

show abstract

“…Este método foi utilizado para o cálculo das concentrações de hidrocarbonetos em um estudo da exposição à poluição do ar durante a gravidez e sua associação com o peso ao nascer 44 . Diversos outros estudos utilizaram este método [45][46][47][48][49] . Para o municí-pio de São Paulo seriam necessários estudos para determinação dos padrões de emissão em função do uso e ocupação do solo.…”

Section: Avaliação Da Exposição à Poluição Relacionada Ao Tráfegounclassified

Poluição veicular e saúde da população: uma revisão sobre o município de São Paulo (SP), Brasil

Toledo

Nardocci

2011

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ResumoIntrodução: A poluição do ar é um problema importante para o município de São Paulo, cuja maior fonte são os veículos. Cerca de 11 milhões de habitantes estão expostos a essa poluição. Objetivo: Analisar os estudos realizados sobre a poluição do ar e seus efeitos na saúde da população do município de São Paulo e sobre méto-dos de avaliação da exposição à poluição relacionada ao tráfego. Métodos: Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico com os descritores "air pollution", "São Paulo" e "traffic-related air pollution". Resultados: Foram obtidos vários estudos que verificaram relações entre a poluição do ar no município de São Paulo e problemas respiratórios e cardiovasculares, crescimento fetal, aumento na mortalidade e hospitalizações, particularmente em idosos e crianças. Para estimativa da exposição, a maioria destes estudos considera a distribuição isotrópica dos poluentes para toda a área, o que impede a avaliação da influência do tráfego. Vários métodos têm sido utilizados para avaliação da exposição da população à poluição relacionada ao trá-fego, os quais podem ser utilizados isoladamente ou em conjunto. Acredita-se que a associação de modelos para cálculo das concentrações de poluentes a métodos de georreferenciamento seja a abordagem adequada para o município de São Paulo. As vantagens do uso destes métodos são a capacidade de identificar situações e áreas prioritárias, obtenção de informações detalhadas para adoção de medidas ou políticas públicas e a simulação de diferentes cenários. Conclusão: A aplicação destes métodos, em estudos no município de São Paulo, depende da melhoria dos dados de entrada dos modelos, o aprimoramento da rede de monitoramento do ar e de condições meteorológicas e dados do volume de tráfego.Palavras-chave: poluição do ar; exposição ambiental; saúde pública; efeitos adversos; saúde ambiental. Rev Bras Epidemiol AbstractIntroduction: Air pollution is an important problem for São Paulo city and vehicles are the main source. About 11 million people are exposed to this pollution. Objective: To examine studies realized about air pollution and its effects on health of the population of São Paulo (Brazil) and methods of assessing exposure to pollution related to traffic. Methods: We performed a literature review using the keywords "air pollution", "São Paulo", and traffic-related air pollution. Results: As results were obtained several studies that found relation between air pollution in São Paulo and respiratory and cardiovascular problems, fetal growth, increased mortality and hospitalizations, particularly in children and elderly people. In order to estimate the exposure, most of these studies consider the isotropic distribution of pollutants throughout the area, what prevents the evaluation of and the influence of traffic. Several methods have been used to analyze the air traffic exposure, which can be used isolated or combined. It is believed that the combination of models used to calculate pollutant concentrations to methods of georeferencing is the most appropriate ap...

show abstract

Elemental Carbon Exposure at Residence and Survival After Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract: Chronic traffic-related particulate air pollution is associated with increased mortality in hospital survivors of acute MI after the second year of survival.

Cited by 34 publications

References 42 publications

Fine Particulate Matter Constituents and Cardiopulmonary Mortality in a Heavily Polluted Chinese City

Fine Particulate Matter Constituents and Cardiopulmonary Mortality in a Heavily Polluted Chinese City

Ambient Fine Particulate Matter and Mortality among Survivors of Myocardial Infarction: Population-Based Cohort Study

Poluição veicular e saúde da população: uma revisão sobre o município de São Paulo (SP), Brasil

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About