Elemental composition and rough source apportionment of fine particulate matter in air in Cracow, Poland

Samek, Lucyna; Gdowik, Agnieszka; Ogarek, Joanna; Furman, Leszek

doi:10.37190/epe160106

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…S is a characteristic PM component in areas where coal and fine coal are used for energy purposes [25,63]. It is also a characteristic element released during biomass, waste, and garbage burning in small-scale installations, i.e., domestic stoves and local boiler houses [25,72,73]. Moreover, the source of S may be secondary inorganic aerosols (sulphates), also released from the above-mentioned sources [74].…”

Section: Source Apportionment Of Pm 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Municipal, Road Traffic, and Natural Sources on PM10: The Hourly Variability at a Rural Site in Poland

et al. 2021

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The paper presents data from a monthly campaign studying the elemental composition of PM10, as measured by a specific receptor in Kotórz Mały (Opole Voivodeship)—located in the vicinity of a moderately inhabited rural area—measured in one-hour samples using a Horiba PX-375 analyzer. The hourly variability of SO2, NO, NO2, CO, and O3 concentrations, as well as the variability of meteorological parameters, was also determined. On average, during the entire measurement period, the elements related to PM10 can be arranged in the following order: As < V < Ni < Pb < Cr < Mn < Cu < Ti < Zn < K < Fe < Ca < Al < Si < S. Trace elements, including toxic elements—such as As, V, Ni, Pb, Cr, and Mn—were present in low concentrations, not exceeding 10 ng/m3 (average daily value). These elements had fairly even concentrations, both daily and hourly. The concentrations of the main elements in the PM10, as measured by the receptor, are subject to strong hourly changes related not only to changes in the structures of the sources identified in the statistical analysis, but also to wind speed and direction changes (soil and sand particle pick-up and inflow of pollutants from coal combustion). It has been shown that the transport emissions measured by the receptor can have an intense effect on PM10 in the afternoon.

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Section: Source Apportionment Of Pm 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Municipal, Road Traffic, and Natural Sources on PM10: The Hourly Variability at a Rural Site in Poland

et al. 2021

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“…PM is a heterogeneous mixture of chemical and biogenic constituents originating from various natural and anthropogenic sources [ 1 , 2 ]. The composition of PM varies substantially across geographical regions, sources of emissions and seasons (e.g., [ 3 , 4 ]). In urban areas, anthropogenic sources prevail because of intense human activities [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Response of RAW 264.7 Macrophages to Exposure to Crude Particulate Matter and a Reduced Content of Organic Matter

Jankowska-Kieltyka

Román

Mikrut

et al. 2021

Toxics

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Exposure to air pollution from various airborne particulate matter (PM) is regarded as a potential health risk. Airborne PM penetrates the lungs, where it is taken up by macrophages, what results in macrophage activation and can potentially lead to negative consequences for the organism. In the present study, we assessed the effects of direct exposure of RAW 264.7 macrophages to crude PM (NIST1648a) and to a reduced content of organic matter (LAp120) for up to 72 h on selected parameters of metabolic activity. These included cell viability and apoptosis, metabolic activity and cell number, ROS synthesis, nitric oxide (NO) release, and oxidative burst. The results indicated that both NIST1648a and LAp120 negatively influenced the parameters of cell viability and metabolic activity due to increased ROS synthesis. The negative effect of PM was concentration-dependent; i.e., it was the most pronounced for the highest concentration applied. The impact of PM also depended on the time of exposure, so at respective time points, PM induced different effects. There were also differences in the impact of NIST1648a and LAp120 on almost all parameters tested. The negative effect of LAp120 was more pronounced, what appeared to be associated with an increased content of metals.

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“…In the case of lead, the poor accuracy value equal to −31% could have its origin in the rather uncertain reference value (317 ng ± 54 ng). The results obtained for NIST SRM2783 sample were also used to determine the detection limits of elements 7 shown in Table 3. The reported uncertainties were calculated as one standard deviation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the energy dispersive x‐ray fluorescence spectrometer for determination of elemental composition of air particulate matter samples

2023

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Elemental composition of air particulate matter samples was determined by energy dispersive x‐ray fluorescence technique utilizing in‐house constructed secondary target excitation system. The system, based on 3 kW Mo‐anode x‐ray tube with Ni and Mo secondary targets, was operated in air at atmospheric pressure. The sensitivities of the measurement system were determined for a number of elements in the atomic number range from Z = 13 to Z = 39 (K‐series characteristic radiation) and from Z = 44 to Z = 82 (L‐series characteristic radiation). The results of measurement of reference material samples confirmed that the in‐house constructed system is well suited for analysis of air particulate matter deposits on filter substrate with application of the thin‐layer sample model, with sufficiently good detection limits also for low‐Z elements such as Al, Si, P, S, and Cl.

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Elemental composition and rough source apportionment of fine particulate matter in air in Cracow, Poland

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Impact of Municipal, Road Traffic, and Natural Sources on PM10: The Hourly Variability at a Rural Site in Poland

Impact of Municipal, Road Traffic, and Natural Sources on PM10: The Hourly Variability at a Rural Site in Poland

Metabolic Response of RAW 264.7 Macrophages to Exposure to Crude Particulate Matter and a Reduced Content of Organic Matter

Optimization of the energy dispersive x‐ray fluorescence spectrometer for determination of elemental composition of air particulate matter samples

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