Elemental composition of game meat from Austria

Ertl, Kathrin; Kitzer, R.; Goessler, Walter

doi:10.1080/19393210.2016.1151464

Cited by 36 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Contents of nickel were below the limit of detection (0.06 mg/kg) in most controls, with a maximum of 0.29 mg/ kg, whereas the medians for meat near BH^and BK^shot wounds were 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg, with corresponding maximum values of 0.2 and 1.8 mg/kg, respectively. Cu contents in control samples are in the range as reported in a recent study on Austrian game meat, with average contents of 1.3 and 1.6 mg/kg for red and roe deer, respectively (Ertl et al 2016). These authors also determined Ni contents, and, similar to our study, contents were often below the limit of detection, in this case, <1 μg/kg (whereas in our study, LOD was 60 μg/ kg).…”

Section: Contents Of Cu and Ni In Meat Tissue Near To The Shot Woundssupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Ranges indicate minimum and maximum metal content per sample. Blank denotes control from distant meat parts (haunch, n = 17); H, the BH^bullet type (n = 20); and K, the BK^bullet type (n = 13) assumed to be half of the detection limits, Ertl et al (2016) report lower average Ni contents for venison than we do. Within a sample, the variation between the 0.5 g subsamples was sometimes considerable.…”

Section: Contents Of Cu and Ni In Meat Tissue Near To The Shot Woundscontrasting

confidence: 41%

“…This calculation includes both natural nickel content as well as bullet-borne nickel contamination. As regards the naturally occurring Ni content, actual contents might be lower than we calculated (Bmiddle bound^approach), since studies with a lower limit of detection reported lower Ni contents in venison (Ertl et al 2016).…”

Section: Contents Of Cu and Ni In Rumen Contentmentioning

confidence: 73%

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Nickel and copper residues in meat from wild artiodactyls hunted with nickel-plated non-lead rifle bullets

Paulsen

Sager

2017

Eur J Wildl Res

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A nickel (Ni)-plated copper-solid bullet type released up to 93 μg Ni /10 g bullet mass when immersed into meat juice for 7 days (to simulate fragments remaining in venison). A non-nickel-plated counterpart of identical construction released no Ni, but up to 250 μg copper. During thermal processing of pork cubes with embedded bullets, an average of 2.8 and up to 4.3 (maximum) μg Ni were released from the Ni-plated bullet to the surrounding meat. Average nickel and copper content in meat samples (taken in 2-3 cm distance from the shot wounds) from 30 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and 3 sika deer (Cervus nippon) killed with nickelplated copper bullets did not differ significantly from those in controls (roe deer haunch). Contamination scenarios would Cu and Ni contents per portion increase moderately by 20 and 3.3 μg, respectively. In order to limit alimentary Ni uptake, the technological need for Ni-plating of bullets should be carefully evaluated.

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Section: Contents Of Cu and Ni In Meat Tissue Near To The Shot Woundssupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Contents Of Cu and Ni In Meat Tissue Near To The Shot Woundscontrasting

confidence: 41%

Section: Contents Of Cu and Ni In Rumen Contentmentioning

confidence: 73%

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Nickel and copper residues in meat from wild artiodactyls hunted with nickel-plated non-lead rifle bullets

Paulsen

Sager

2017

Eur J Wildl Res

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“…Finally, we were unable to assess lead exposure through eating wild game since this was not covered by the EPIC questionnaire. Hunting is widespread in rural areas of Tuscany, and evidence exists that the concentration of lead in tissue of hunted wild game (e.g., game birds, hares, and wild boars) may exceed the maximum limit in meat set by the European Commission [49,50], and that regular consumption of wild game may be associated with higher lead blood levels [51], so that this topic would deserve to be investigated in future studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Erythrocyte Lead Levels in 454 Adults in Florence, Italy

Caini¹,

Bendinelli²,

Masala³

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Background: Lead exposure, even at low levels, is associated with adverse health effects in humans. We investigated the determinants of individual lead levels in a general population-based sample of adults from Florence, Italy. Methods: Erythrocyte lead levels were measured (using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry) in 454 subjects enrolled in the Florence cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study in 1992–1998. Multiple linear regression models were used to study the association between demographics, education and working history, lifestyle, dietary habits, anthropometry, residential history, and (among women) menstrual and reproductive history and use of exogenous sex hormones, and erythrocyte lead levels. Results: Median lead levels were 86.1 μg/L (inter-quartile range 65.5–111.9 μg/L). Male gender, older age, cigarette smoking and number of pack-years, alcohol intake, and residing in urban areas were positively associated with higher erythrocyte lead levels, while performing professional/managerial or administrative work or being retired was inversely associated with lead levels. Among women, lead levels were higher for those already in menopause, and lower among those who ever used hormone replacement therapy. Conclusions: Avoidable risk factors contribute to the lead body burden among adults, which could therefore be lowered through targeted public health measures.

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“…Ertl et al (2016) analysed concentrations of lead in muscle tissue from pheasants ( Phasianus colchicus ) and five wild mammal species shot in Austria. Gunshot pellets and wound channel tissue were excluded from the samples taken for analysis.…”

Section: Pathways By Which Humans Are Exposed To Ammunition-derived Leadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks to human health from ammunition-derived lead in Europe

Green

Pain

2019

Ambio

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It has been known for centuries that lead is toxic to humans. Chronic exposure to lead, even at low levels, is associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease in adults and of impaired neurodevelopment and subsequent cognitive and behavioural development in the foetus and young children. Health agencies throughout the world have moved from assuming that there are tolerable levels of exposure to lead to a recognition that valid ‘no-effect’ thresholds cannot currently be defined. Formerly, the most important exposure pathways were occupational exposure, water from lead plumbing, paints, petrol additives and foods. Regulation of products and improved health and safety procedures at work have left dietary lead as the main remaining pathway of exposure in European countries. Ammunition-derived lead is now a significant cause of dietary lead exposure in groups of people who eat wild game meat frequently. These are mostly hunters, shoot employees and their families, but also some people who choose to eat game for ethical, health or other reasons, and their children. Extrapolation from surveys conducted in the UK and a review of studies of game consumption in other countries suggest that approximately 5 million people in the EU may be high-level consumers of lead-shot game meat and that tens of thousands of children in the EU may be consuming game contaminated with ammunition-derived lead frequently enough to cause significant effects on their cognitive development.

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Elemental composition of game meat from Austria

Cited by 36 publications

References 19 publications

Nickel and copper residues in meat from wild artiodactyls hunted with nickel-plated non-lead rifle bullets

Nickel and copper residues in meat from wild artiodactyls hunted with nickel-plated non-lead rifle bullets

Determinants of Erythrocyte Lead Levels in 454 Adults in Florence, Italy

Risks to human health from ammunition-derived lead in Europe

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