Elemental composition of marine <i>Prochlorococcus</i> and <i>Synechococcus</i>: Implications for the ecological stoichiometry of the sea

Bertilsson, Stefan; Berglund, Olof; Karl, David M.; Chisholm, Sallie W.

doi:10.4319/lo.2003.48.5.1721

Cited by 441 publications

(416 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Using the flowcytometer we could not detect these changes. The findings on the variations in N and P quota are in agreement with the observations that the cellular composition of pico-phytoplankton is subject to substantial change, for instance due to changes in the physico-chemical environment (Bertilsson et al, 2003;Heldal et al, 2003;Veldhuis et al, 2005). However, the absolute values that we report were higher than reported in other studies.…”

Section: àsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Two prokaryotic cyanobacteria, Prochlorococcus marinus (Chisholm et al, 1988;Partensky et al, 1999) and Synechococcus spp. (Waterbury et al, 1979(Waterbury et al, , 1986Olson et al, 1990;Li, 1998;Bertilsson et al, 2003;Heldal et al, 2003) belong to the most thoroughly investigated algal species of the pico-phytoplankton community. Only a very limited number of eukaryotic pico-phytoplankton species have been investigated in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological responses of three species of marine pico-phytoplankton to ammonium, phosphate, iron and light limitation

Timmermans

Wagt

Veldhuis

et al. 2005

Journal of Sea Research

106

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Physiological responses of three species of marine pico-phytoplankton to ammonium, phosphate, iron and light limitation Timmermans, K.R.; Wagt, B. van der; Veldhuis, M.J.W.; Maatman, A.; de Baar, Henricus Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. AbstractExperiments were conducted with three species of marine pico-phytoplankton: Synechococcus sp. (CCMP 839), Pelagomonas calceolata (CCMP 1756) and Prasinomonas capsulatus (CCMP 1617) in order to collect physiological parameters for pico-phytoplankton to be utilised in Ocean Biogeochemical Climate Models. The main parameters to follow the effects of ammonium, phosphate, iron and light limitation were cell growth rates (A), half saturation constants for growth (K m ), N, P and Fe quota (per cell or per mol C), and photochemical quantum efficiency (F v /F m ).The nitrate and phosphate limitation experiments demonstrated that the small phytoplankton species could grow at low N and P concentrations. K m values were in the micro-molar (NH 4 + ) and sub-micro-molar (PO 4 3À ) range. N and P quota were in the femto-molar range per cell and varied from nutrient-deplete to nutrient-replete conditions. F v /F m values were only adversely affected at the lowest N and P concentrations in these experiments. In the Fe limitation experiments, it was shown that all three species were adversely affected only at extremely low Fe concentrations. Iron chelating agents had to be added to force the species in Fe limitation till ultimately growth stopped. K m values with respect to dissolved Fe were in the femto-molar range. Fe quota were in the low zepto-molar (10 À21 M) range per cell, and varied considerably from Fe limiting to Fe replete growth conditions. F v /F m values diminished only at the lowest iron concentrations. In the light limitation experiments, growth rates and photochemical quantum efficiencies were adversely affected only at irradiance levels below 10 Amol photons m À2 s À1 . These results indicate that the pico-phytoplankton species will hardly ever be completely stopped in their growth by NH 4 + , PO 4 3À, Fe or light (separately) under natural conditions. D

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Section: àsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological responses of three species of marine pico-phytoplankton to ammonium, phosphate, iron and light limitation

Timmermans

Wagt

Veldhuis

et al. 2005

Journal of Sea Research

106

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“…during phase I, with a peak in abundances around t11 ( Figure 1C = 2). Synechococcus has been shown to have particularly low intercellular C:N ratios during exponential growth (Bertilsson et al, 2003). Since this group dominated the phytoplankton community during phase I, it is likely that their C:N signature is reflected in the C:N ratios of water column POM.…”

Section: Temporal Development Of Element Stoichiometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean Acidification-Induced Restructuring of the Plankton Food Web Can Influence the Degradation of Sinking Particles

et al. 2018

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Ocean acidification (OA) is expected to alter plankton community structure in the future ocean. This, in turn, could change the composition of sinking organic matter and the efficiency of the biological carbon pump. So far, most OA experiments involving entire plankton communities have been conducted in meso-to eutrophic environments. However, recent studies suggest that OA effects may be more pronounced during prolonged periods of nutrient limitation. In this study, we investigated how OA-induced changes in low-nutrient adapted plankton communities of the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean may affect particulate organic matter (POM) standing stocks, POM fluxes, and POM stoichiometry. More specifically, we compared the elemental composition of POM suspended in the water column to the corresponding sinking material collected in sediment traps. Three weeks into the experiment, we simulated a natural upwelling event by adding nutrient-rich deep-water to all mesocosms, which induced a diatom-dominated phytoplankton bloom. Our results show that POM was more efficiently retained in the water column in the highest CO 2 treatment levels (>800 µatm pCO 2 ) subsequent to this bloom. We further observed significantly lower C:N and C:P ratios in post-bloom sedimented POM in the highest CO 2 treatments, suggesting that degradation processes were less pronounced. This trend is most likely explained by differences in micro-and mesozooplankton abundance during the bloom and postbloom phase. Overall, this study shows that OA can indirectly alter POM fluxes and stoichiometry in subtropical environments through changes in plankton community structure.

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“…That response was attributed to phosphate stress (Tai et al, 2009), and similar dynamics could be at play here as well. The Pro99 medium used in this study was calculated to be replete for N, P and other essential inorganic compounds, given cyanobacterial and heterotroph cell abundances and expected cellular requirements (Fagerbakke et al, 1996;Bertilsson et al, 2003). While some nutrient stress could have occurred in our co-cultures, any competition between these two strains was not of a sufficient magnitude to impact Prochlorococcus growth rates or final stationary phase cell density (Figure 1a).…”

Section: Potential For Metabolic Exchange Between Prochlorococcus Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Torn apart and reunited: impact of a heterotroph on the transcriptome of Prochlorococcus

2016

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Microbial interactions, whether direct or indirect, profoundly affect the physiology of individual cells and ultimately have the potential to shape the biogeochemistry of the Earth. For example, the growth of Prochlorococcus, the numerically dominant cyanobacterium in the oceans, can be improved by the activity of co-occurring heterotrophs. This effect has been largely attributed to the role of heterotrophs in detoxifying reactive oxygen species that Prochlorococcus, which lacks catalase, cannot. Here, we explore this phenomenon further by examining how the entire transcriptome of Prochlorococcus NATL2A changes in the presence of a naturally co-occurring heterotroph, Alteromonas macleodii MIT1002, with which it was co-cultured for years, separated and then reunited. Significant changes in the Prochlorococcus transcriptome were evident within 6 h of initiating co-culture, with groups of transcripts changing in different temporal waves. Many transcriptional changes persisted throughout the 48 h experiment, suggesting that the presence of the heterotroph affected a stable shift in Prochlorococcus physiology. These initial transcriptome changes largely corresponded to reduced stress conditions for Prochlorococcus, as inferred from the depletion of transcripts encoding DNA repair enzymes and many members of the 'high light inducible' family of stress-response proteins. Later, notable changes were seen in transcripts encoding components of the photosynthetic apparatus (particularly, an increase in PSI subunits and chlorophyll synthesis enzymes), ribosomal proteins and biosynthetic enzymes, suggesting that the introduction of the heterotroph may have induced increased production of reduced carbon compounds for export. Changes in secretion-related proteins and transporters also highlight the potential for metabolic exchange between the two strains.

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Elemental composition of marine Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus: Implications for the ecological stoichiometry of the sea

Cited by 441 publications

References 45 publications

Physiological responses of three species of marine pico-phytoplankton to ammonium, phosphate, iron and light limitation

Physiological responses of three species of marine pico-phytoplankton to ammonium, phosphate, iron and light limitation

Ocean Acidification-Induced Restructuring of the Plankton Food Web Can Influence the Degradation of Sinking Particles

Torn apart and reunited: impact of a heterotroph on the transcriptome of Prochlorococcus

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