Elemental Composition of PM2.5 Aerosol in a Residential–Industrial Area of a Mediterranean Megacity

Shaltout, Abdallah A.; Boman, Johan; Hassan, Salwa K.; Abozied, Asmaa M.; Al-Ashkar, Emad A.; Abd‐Elkader, Omar H.; Yassin, Mohamed A.; Al-Tamimi, Jameel

doi:10.1007/s00244-019-00688-9

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…During winter, the highest daily mean of 66.8 µg/m 3 was reported (2 June 2017), while the winter's median value (35.0 µg/m 3 ) was significantly higher than autumn's (15.4 µg/m 3 ), spring's (13.5 µg/m 3 ), and summer's (9.3 µg/m 3 ) values (p<0.05). Similar to the observed increased PM2.5 concentration in winter months in our study, other studies (Shaltout et al 2020;Safar and Labib, 2010) have also documented increased PM2.5 concentration during the winter months as a result of higher frequency of inversions and reduced wind speed, which lowers particulate matter dispersion in the air, since the cold months have the lowest temperature and windspeed (Table S2). Aside from meteorological factors, biomass burning, fossil fuel burning, and agricultural activities all contribute to the increased concentration during the winter.…”

Section: Overview Of Pm25 Concentrationsupporting

confidence: 91%

Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Characterization, Air Quality Level and Origin of Air Masses in an Urban Background in Pretoria

Adeyemi

Molnár

Boman

et al. 2022

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Several sources have been identified as contributing to the concentration of ambient fine particulate matter, which has been associated to a variety of health issues. The chemical characteristics and sources of trace elements in PM2.5, as well as the air quality index, were investigated in this study. 24-h fine aerosol particles were collected in an urban area in Pretoria, South Africa, from April 2017 -April 2018. Eighteen trace elements were determined using an XEPOS 5 energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometer, while black and organic carbon were estimated using an optical transmissometer from the samples collected. The HYPLIT model (version 4.9) was used to estimate air mass trajectories. Health risk was calculated by comparing it to the World Health Organization's air quality index (AQI). The overall mean PM2.5 concentration of the collected sample equals 21µg/m 3 . Majority of PM2.5 exceedances were reported during mid-autumn and winter seasons, as compared to daily WHO guidelines and South African standards. S had the highest concentrations, greater than 1µg/m 3 . Ni, Se, Br and Sb showed they were extremely enriched, (EF>10) and suggestive of anthropogenic or non crustal origin The 24-h PM, soot, BC and OC were significantly different by the geographical origin of air masses (p<0.05). The AQI showed that 70% of the samples showed levels above the AQI range of good and healthy air. The findings include details on the concentration, composition, and potential sources of fine PM2.5, which is essential for policy formulation and mitigation strategies in South Africa's fight against air pollution.

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Section: Overview Of Pm25 Concentrationsupporting

confidence: 91%

Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Characterization, Air Quality Level and Origin of Air Masses in an Urban Background in Pretoria

Adeyemi

Molnár

Boman

et al. 2022

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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“…In Egypt, a study in the residential-industrial area Shubra El-Kheima in the north of Greater Cairo revealed that fine aerosol particle concentrations, collected during the period from October 2010 to May 2011, exceed the WHO annual Air Quality Standard levels. The existence of PM 2.5 unveiled the dominance of elements linked to mineral dust, heavy traffic, and industrial activities [ 66 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Climate, Air Pollution, and Health in North Africa

Sekmoudi¹,

Bouakline

Khomsi

et al. 2022

Curr Envir Health Rpt

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Purpose of Review The aim of this review is to summarize and provide clear insights into studies that evaluate the interaction between air pollution, climate, and health in North Africa. Recent Findings Few studies have estimated the effects of climate and air pollution on health in North Africa. Most of the studies highlighted the evidence of the link between climate and air pollution as driving factors and increased mortality and morbidity as health outcomes. Each North African country prioritized research on a specific health factor. It was observed that the health outcome from each driving factor depends on the studied area and data availability. The latter is a major challenge in the region. As such, more studies should be led in the future to cover more areas in North Africa and when more data are available. Data availability will help to explore the applicability of different tools and techniques new to the region. Summary This review explores studies related to climate and air pollution, and their possible impacts on health in North Africa. On one hand, air quality studies have focused mainly on particulate matter exceedance levels and their long-term exposure impacts, namely, morbidity and mortality. The observed differences between the various studies are mainly due to the used exposure–response function, the studied population, background emissions, and natural emission from the Sahara Desert that characterize the region. On the other hand, climate studies have focused primarily on the impact of heat waves, vector-borne disease, and mental disorders. More than half of these studies have been on leishmaniasis disease. The review revealed unbalanced and insufficient research on health impacts from air pollution episodes and climate extremes across the region.

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“…The first identified degradation factor is surely the rising groundwater, often rich in salts as sulfates and chlorides. This phenomenon is well described and widespread in the whole urban area of Cairo and its effects are evident in all the historic buildings of the city, particularly in the North East area, between the city and the Moqattam hills [11,16,30]. The relatively recent phenomenon of the rising waters is generally attributed to increased anthropic pressure in the region, related to increased extraction of underground fossil waters (i.e., waters not connected to the surficial systems) and their subsequent partial dispersion in surficial or sub-surficial systems.…”

Section: Discussion and Concluding Remarksmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Consequently, several different situations can be envisaged, where two or more of the main issues mentioned above need to be considered together. General threats to the maintenance and accessibility of most sites have been identified in recent decades in the capillary rise of groundwater [8][9][10] and the increase in aerosol pollution [11,12]. Both phenomena are linked to the enormous demographic growth that Cairo underwent in the last half-century.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stone Architectural Decoration in Burji Era: The Northern Mausoleum in the Khanqah of Al-Nasir Faraj Ibn Barquq (Cairo). Contribution to the Knowledge and Conservation Assessment

et al. 2021

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The conservation of monuments in Cairo represents a complex matter, influenced by the cultural context, the intrinsic features of a vast and heterogeneous architectural heritage, and the environmental conditions. Monument vulnerability levels strongly need to be systematized to delineate adequate programs of control, management, and intervention. Despite their leading role in the Egyptian architectural heritage, many monuments experience a critical state of conservation. Here, we report the results of a multi-scale investigation of the northern mausoleum in the complex of the Khanqah of Al-Nasir Faraj Ibn Barquq, located in the Islamic cemetery of Al-Qarafa Al-Kubra (Cairo, Egypt). Our research aims to increase the knowledge on the decorative stones used in the mausoleum and their decay processes. The investigation has been focused on the two areas of the building covered by a colored stone-slabs pattern: the floor and the qibla wall. A detailed architectural survey, carried out through photogrammetric techniques, provided a three-dimensional morphological knowledge of the mausoleum, upgrading the available surveys made about 50 years ago. The distribution of the materials has been verified by visual analysis, integrated by the first detailed mineralogical and petrographic characterization made on this mausoleum. The digital survey of the stone surfaces and the mineralogical, chemical, and petrographic analyses allowed a systematic mapping of the decay phenomena and some insights on the morphological alteration of single elements. The obtained results indicate a capillary rise of groundwaters and airborne pollution as the main degradation processes.

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Elemental Composition of PM2.5 Aerosol in a Residential–Industrial Area of a Mediterranean Megacity

Cited by 27 publications

References 39 publications

Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Characterization, Air Quality Level and Origin of Air Masses in an Urban Background in Pretoria

Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Characterization, Air Quality Level and Origin of Air Masses in an Urban Background in Pretoria

A Review on Climate, Air Pollution, and Health in North Africa

Stone Architectural Decoration in Burji Era: The Northern Mausoleum in the Khanqah of Al-Nasir Faraj Ibn Barquq (Cairo). Contribution to the Knowledge and Conservation Assessment

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