Elemental concentrations and source identification of air particulate matter at a Nigerian site: A preliminary study

PIXE characterization of PM10and PM2.5particulates sizes collected in Ikoyi Lagos, Nigeria

“…The mean maximum of elemental concentration values for PM 2.5 fractions were observed for Cu (913 ng m À3 ) instead of Cl (4484 ng m À3 ) observed for PM 10 . This could likely be due to tyre wear, refuse incineration, and other anthropogenic sources such as smelting activities (Oluyemi and Asubiojo 1994). Other elements with exceptionally highconcentration mean values includes Si (259 ng m À3 ), S (327 ng m À3 ), Cl (156 ng m À3 ), K (126 ng m À3 ), Ca (74 ng m À3 ), and Fe (79 ng m À3 ).…”

Levels of As, Pb, Cd and Fe in Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) in Ambient Air of Artisan Workshops in Benin City, Nigeria

“…However, an important step in air pollution control program is the identification of pollutants, the contributing source and the relative contribution of each sources. Several workers have measured trace elemental concentrations in air borne aerosols from some Nigerian cities (Ndiokwere, 1983;Asubiojo et al, 1992;Ogunsola et al, 1994 andOluyemi et al, 1994).…”

Trace Metals and Source Identification of Air-Borne Particulate Matter Pollution in A Nigerian Megacity

“…We also observed positive correlation of Pb with S (r=0.70) and Br (r=0.78). Prior to ban in importation of leaded gasoline in Nigeria in 2003, the major source of Pb in the atmosphere was reported to be mainly from petroleum products consumption [4], hence concentration of Pb in this fraction could be from local sources. High correlation of S and Br (r=0.87) is quite instructive as the two elements are usually used as additives in petroleum products and most of their compounds are used daily in industries.…”

“…Sourcereceptor relationships for particulate matter could be identified and quantified using a number of techniques such as receptor modeling based on measurements done at receptor site. Few works on receptor model based source apportionment of APM have been reported in Nigeria; [4] applied chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model on the elemental composition data obtained from Lagos and identified four (entrained dust, marine, regional sulphate and vehicular emissions) sources of APM. Recently [5] identified soil, automobile, marine, residual oil combustion and biomass burning emissions as the major sources of PM 2.5-10 in Lagos hot-spots with CMB model.…”