Elemental Contents of Spinach and Lettuce from Irrigated Gardens in Kano, Nigeria

Cocoa shell is a potential adsorbent for the removal of pollutants from wastewater. The goal of this study was to compare, model and simulate the removal of Pb2+ and Cd2+ in a fixed bed column using cocoa shell. The experimental studies were carried out in a laboratory burette with a bed height of 10.5 cm, a volumetric flow of 2 mL/min, and a metal concentration of 10 mg/L. The empirical models of Thomas, Dose-Response, and Wang were used to study the dynamic behavior of biosorption, in addition a mathematical model based on a differential mass balance of the column was proposed to study the effect of the axial dispersion phenomenon. The results indicated that the active sites of cocoa shell have a higher affinity for the Pb2+ cation, with breakthrough and saturation times higher than Cd2+. The Dose-Response model was the one that presented the best fit with experimental data, confirming that the adsorption capacity of the cocoa shell is superior with Pb2+. The axial dispersion phenomenon is relevant and should not be neglected in the approach of laboratory scale models. Keywords: cocoa shell, biosorption, heavy metals, numerical simulation. Resumen La corteza de cacao es un potencial adsorbente para la eliminación de contaminantes de aguas residuales. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar, modelar y simular la remoción de Pb2+ y Cd2+ en columna de lecho fijo utilizando corteza de cacao. Los estudios experimentales se llevaron a cabo en una bureta de laboratorio con una altura de lecho de 10.5 cm, flujo volumétrico de 2 mL/min, y concentración de metal de 10 mg/L. Los modelos empíricos de Thomas, Dosis-Respuesta, y Wang fueron usados para estudiar el comportamiento dinámico de la biosorción, adicionalmente un modelo matemático basado en un balance de masa diferencial de la columna fue planteado para estudiar el efecto del fenómeno de dispersión axial. Los resultados señalaron que los sitios activos de la corteza de cacao tienen mayor afinidad por el catión Pb2+, con tiempos de ruptura y saturación superiores a la del Cd2+. El modelo Dosis- Respuesta fue el que presento mejor ajuste con los datos experimentales, confirmando que la capacidad de adsorción de la corteza es superior con Pb2+. El fenómeno de dispersión axial es relevante y no debe ser despreciado en el planteamiento de modelos a escala de laboratorio. Palabras Clave: Corteza de cacao, biosorción, metales pesados, simulación numérica.

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Wastewater Irrigation Safety and Heavy Metal Contamination Awareness of Farmers Along Jakara River Kano, Nigeria

Abdullahi,

Igwe,

Dandago

et al. 2024

FJS

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The water in the Jakara River consists of effluent from Bompai industries, domestic sewage from most parts of Kano city and runoffs from various local scraps and chemical processing. The wastewater in the river is the main and most preferred source of irrigation water for the farmers along the Jakara River. The wastewater in the river is rich in both organic and chemical contaminants that can contaminate soil and thriving crops. The research was designed to understand the perception of farmers about the safety of the irrigation water they use and its resulting consequences on soil quality and food safety. The information on the farmer’s awareness were gathered through oral interviews, 60 farmers were selected for data collection. Information collected includes the demography of the farmers, their farming experience, their concern about the safety of wastewater irrigation and awareness of the dangers associated with soil and food heavy metals (HMs) contamination. The majority (95 %) of the farmers ignorantly believe that the wastewater in the Jakara River is safe for irrigation and 90.00 % believe that crops cannot be contaminated when irrigated with contaminated wastewater. Only 5 % of the farmers know HMs and more than 86 % believe that even if the water is contaminated it cannot pass contamination to soil and growing crops. The overall farmers' awareness of the safety of wastewater irrigation and soil and crop HM contamination is generally poor.

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Elemental Contents of Spinach and Lettuce from Irrigated Gardens in Kano, Nigeria

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Arsenic and Heavy Metal (Cadmium, Lead, Mercury and Nickel) Contamination in Plant-Based Foods

Arsenic and Heavy Metal (Cadmium, Lead, Mercury and Nickel) Contamination in Plant-Based Foods

Biosorption of CD2+ and PB2+ with Cocoa Bark: Experimentation, Mathematical Modeling and Simulation Numerical

Wastewater Irrigation Safety and Heavy Metal Contamination Awareness of Farmers Along Jakara River Kano, Nigeria

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