Elemental diet induces alterations of the gut microbial community in mice

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate elemental diet (ED) induced alteration of the fecal and mucosal microbiome in mice. The control group was fed a normal chow and the ED group was fed normal chow containing 50% w/w Elental ® (EA Pharma, Tokyo, Japan) for 28 days. Fecal and mucosal microbiome were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In the fecal samples, the observed species, an index for microbial richness, was signif icantly decreased in the ED group. Principal coordinate analysis revealed that there were significant compositional differences between the control and ED groups (PERMANOVA p = 0.0007 for unweighted and p = 0.002 for weighted UniFrac distance, respec tively). In contrast, there was no significant difference in the overall structure of mucosal microbiome between the control and ED groups. In the fecal samples, abundance of the genera Adlercreutzia, Akkermansia, Streptococcus, Helicobacter, Coprobacillus and Coprococcus was significantly reduced in the ED group compared to the control group. Abundance of the genera Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus was significantly increased in the ED group. In a functional analysis using PICRUSt software, ED altered various pathways involved in amino acid metabolism of the gut micro biome. In conclusion, ED caused a reduction in bacterial diversity and altered metabolic functions.

Differential Effects of Sulfur Amino Acid-Restricted and Low-Calorie Diets on Gut Microbiome Profile and Bile Acid Composition in Male C57BL6/J Mice

“…1 H-NMR studies indicate that the rate of transfer of free amino acids across cecum and colon are comparable to the transfer rates across small intestine and that the expression of amino acid transporters is at least as abundant as or higher than that in small intestine ( 38 ). Studies in mice show that elemental diets with free amino acids not only alter the microbiome profile adherent to colonic mucosa and in feces, but also reduce bowel inflammation in a colitis model ( 39 , 40 ). Similar alterations of gut microbiome profile and benefits in Crohn’s disease were found in humans fed elemental diets with free amino acids ( 41 ).…”

Altered Fecal Microbiotas and Organic Acid Concentrations Indicate Possible Gut Dysbiosis in University Rugby Players: An Observational Study

“…Sequence data analysis was carried out as previously reported [ 23 ] with minor modifications. Demultiplex was performed by Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME ver.1.9.1) software [ 24 ].…”

Nutritional Therapies and Their Influence on the Intestinal Microbiome in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

“…This diet is thought to provide symptomatic relief by reducing colonic gas and luminal distension [ 71 ]. LFD is described most commonly as a treatment option for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by reducing abdominal pain, bloating, and diarrhea [ 72 ]. Conversely, it is hypothesized that LFD can promote intestinal inflammation by reducing the prebiotic effect of FODMAPS on the colonic microbiome and consequently impact the microbiome’s immunomodulatory effects on the mucosal barrier [ 72 ].…”

“…A second RCT assessed the LFD ( n = 26) versus a standard diet ( n = 29) on IBD patients over a six-week study period [ 72 ]. There was a significant difference in median FC levels, which decreased by 34.4% in the LFD group and 4.4% in the standard diet group, but there were no differences in CRP levels.…”