Elemental distribution in coal fly ash particles

Hansen, Lee D.; Fisher, Gerald L.

doi:10.1021/es60169a015

Cited by 131 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The nickel and vanadium concentrations in the first soluble fraction were 267 and 20 Mg/mL, respectively; the second soluble fraction contained 13 Ag/mL of nickel and 17 Ag/mL of vanadium. In contrast to the oil fly ash, previous studies of the finest coal fly ash sample (12) indicated dissolution of no detectable V or Ni after shaking 0.5 g samples in 50 mL water at room temperature for 24 hr, i.e., solution concentrations of less than 0.02 and 0.2 Ag/mL for V and Ni, respectively. On the basis of other studies performed in our laboratory (unpublished data), it appears that the biological activity of the oil fly ash is due to the presence of soluble forms of vanadium.…”

Section: Bovine Macrophage Cytotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 86%

Physical and Biological Studies of Coal and Oil Fly Ash

Fisher¹,

McNeill²,

Prentice³

et al. 1983

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Studies were performed to compare the physical and chemical characteristics and the in vitro macrophage cytotoxicity of oil and coal fly ash. Sampling methodology was developed to collect size-fractionated particulate matter from the smokestack of either a coal-fired or an oil-fired power plant. Morphological studies demonstrated particle heterogeneity, although most coal fly ash particles appeared to be spherical. Oil fly ash contained two major morphologies; nonopaque amorphous particles and opaque amorphous particles. Elemental analysis indicates that the coal ash is predominantly composed of aluminosilicate particles, while the oil ash is predominantly inorganic sulfates and carbonaceous particles. In vitro macrophage assays demonstrate that the finest coal fly ash particles are the most cytotoxic; the cytotoxicity is significantly less than that of a-quartz, the positive control particle. In contrast, the oil fly ash particles are more cytotoxic than quartz. The cytotoxicity of oil fly ash is due to soluble components, possibly vanadium salts.Associated with the generation of electricity by fossil fuel combustion is the production and subsequent environmental release of primary particulate matter. This material, fly ash, presently poses a major solid waste disposal problem and a potential health hazard. The ash from coal combustion is primarily aluminosilicate in matrix and contains surface layers of vapor-deposited inorganic and organic compounds. Furthermore, interparticle chemical variability is such that individual particle composition may be quite different than the average composition (1).Although a number of studies have characterized the physical and chemical properties of coal fly ash (2), few detailed reports are available on oil fly ash. This is probably because of the relatively high ash content of coal and the large quantities combusted in power generation. It is estimated that 100 million tons of coal fly ash were produced in the United States in 1980 from combustion of coal averaging an ash content of 11% by mass (3). Particulate abatement technologies result in collection within the plant of 95-99% of the ash; thus 1-5% of the coal fly ash is released through the smokestack. Al-

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Section: Bovine Macrophage Cytotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 86%

Physical and Biological Studies of Coal and Oil Fly Ash

Fisher¹,

McNeill²,

Prentice³

et al. 1983

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…Further studies by Hayes et al. (33) demonstrated enhancements of 20-to 30-fold in the individual particle concentrations of P, Mn, Ti, Fe and S compared to the bulk analysis of the fly ash sample.…”

Section: Chemical Characterization Elemental Analysismentioning

confidence: 93%

Biomedically relevant chemical and physical properties of coal combustion products.

Fisher¹

1983

Environ Health Perspect

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The evaluation of the potential public and occupational health hazards of developing and existing combustion processes requires a detailed understanding of the physical and chemical properties of effluents available for human and environmental exposures. These processes produce complex mixtures of gases and aerosols which may interact synergistically or antagonistically with biological systems. Because of the physicochemical complexity of the effluents, the biomedically relevant properties of these materials must be carefully assessed. Subsequent to release from combustion sources, environmental interactions further complicate assessment of the toxicity of combustion products. This report provides an overview of the biomedically relevant physical and chemical properties of coal fly ash. Coal fly ash is presented as a model complex mixture for health and safety evaluation of combustion processes.

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“…Ugurlu (2004) indicated that the main problem related to fly ash disposal was the residue heavy metal content. Numerous experimental studies show that toxic trace metals can be leached from fly ash (Georgakopoulos et al 2002;Baba and Kaya 2004;Baba and Ayyıldız 2006;Burcu et al 1997;Campbell et al 1978;Davison et al 1974;Gehrs et al 1979;Hulett et al 1980;Hansen and Fisher 1980;Klein et al 1975).…”

Section: Mining Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater contamination and its effect on health in Turkey

Baba

Tayfur

2011

Environ Monit Assess

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The sources of groundwater pollution in Turkey are identified, and pathways of contaminants to groundwater are first described. Then, the effects of groundwater quality on health in Turkey are evaluated. In general, sources of groundwater contamination fall into two main categories: natural and anthropogenic sources. Important sources of natural groundwater pollution in Turkey include geological formations, seawater intrusion, and geothermal fluid(s). The major sources of anthropogenic groundwater contamination are agricultural activities, mining waste, industrial waste, on-site septic tank systems, and pollution from imperfect well constructions. The analysis results revealed that natural contamination due to salt and gypsum are mostly found in Central and Mediterranean regions and arsenic in Aegean region. Geothermal fluids which contain fluoride poses a danger for skeleton, dental, and bone problems, especially in the areas of Denizli, Isparta, and Aydın. Discharges from surface water bodies contaminate groundwater by infiltration. Evidence of such contamination is found in Upper Kızılırmak basin, Gediz basin, and Büyük Melen river basin and some drinking A. Baba (B) · G. Tayfur Department of Civil Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla,İzmir, Turkey e-mail: alperbaba@iyte.edu.tr water reservoirs inİstanbul. Additionally, seawater intrusion causes groundwater quality problems in coastal regions, especially in the Aegean coast. Industrial wastes are also polluting surface and groundwater in industrialized regions of Turkey. Deterioration of water quality as a result of fertilizers and pesticides is another major problem especially in the regions of Mediterranean, Aegean, Central Anatolia, and Marmara. Abandoned mercury mines in the western regions of Turkey, especially in Çanakkale,İzmir, Mugla, Kütahya, and Balıkesir, cause serious groundwater quality problems.

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Elemental distribution in coal fly ash particles

Cited by 131 publications

References 15 publications

Physical and Biological Studies of Coal and Oil Fly Ash

Physical and Biological Studies of Coal and Oil Fly Ash

Biomedically relevant chemical and physical properties of coal combustion products.

Groundwater contamination and its effect on health in Turkey

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