Elemental fluorine : Part 16. Versatile thin-film gas–liquid multi-channel microreactors for effective scale-out

Chambers, Richard D.; Fox, Mark A.; Holling, Darren; Nakano, Takashi; Okazoe, Takashi; Sandford, Graham

doi:10.1039/b416400h

Cited by 108 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Flow pattern was investigated for water-cyclohexane system, and they identified the range of flow rates in which uniform flow distribution and stable slug flow can be realized. Chambers et al (2005) employed reservoirs before and after the microchannels, so as to equalize the pressure difference across the microchannel (Figure 5). Thus, the volume of the reservoir was significantly larger than the inner volume of the microchannels.…”

Section: Numbering-up Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid Behavior and Mass Transport Characteristics of Gas–Liquid and Liquid–Liquid Flows in Microchannels

Sotowa

2014

J. Chem. Eng. Japan

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It has been widely recognized that microchannels can be used to enhance mass transfer rate between two immiscible uids. This feature has attracted interests of many researchers in the eld of chemical engineering. To exploit such feature of microchannels, the ow characteristics and mass transfer behavior must be fully understood. In addition, to construct an industrial scale process consisting of microchannels, an e cient numbering-up technique is required. In this review, an overview of the recent literature on the uid ow and mass transfer behavior in multiphase ow in microchannels will be given. An attention is also paid to the numbering-up technique and extension to multiphase system involving three uids.

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Section: Numbering-up Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid Behavior and Mass Transport Characteristics of Gas–Liquid and Liquid–Liquid Flows in Microchannels

Sotowa

2014

J. Chem. Eng. Japan

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“…Direct fluorination of anilines 2 were carried out using a flow reactor constructed from nickel metal and narrow bore nickel and PTFE tubing as described previously 5 in detail and shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Scheme 1 Synthesis Of Perfluoroaniline Substrates 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a series of papers from Durham, 4 we have engaged in developing the use of fluorine gas as a reagent for organic synthesis and, in particular, using continuous flow methodology [5][6] for the preparation of, for example, a range of fluoro-aromatic, 7 -heterocyclic, [8][9] -diketone 10 andketoester 11 derivatives. Scale-out of direct fluorination reactions was achieved by the fabrication and implementation of parallel multi-channel flow reactors 5 that enable large quantities of commercially valuable fluorinated fine chemicals to be prepared in high yield and purity from inexpensive fluorine gas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Continuous Flow Synthesis of Difluoroamine Systems by Direct Fluorination

2013

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(2013) 'Continuous ow synthesis of diuoroamine systems by direct uorination.', Australian journal of chemistry., 66 (2). pp. 145-150. Further information on publisher's website:http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/CH12381Publisher's copyright statement: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractContinuous flow methodology for the synthesis of perfluoroaryl difluoroamine derivatives by reaction of fluorine gas with an appropriate perfluoroaniline substrate is described, further demonstrating the efficient use of flow regimes for reactions involving highly reactive and toxic reagents.

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“…For multi-phase flow, the flow distribution depends on the properties of the single phase [31] and in addition on the flow rates, the specific gas-liquid interfacial area, the flow regime [32], and on the way the phases are in contact. The contact between the phases can be continuous like in the falling film microreactor [33] or dispersed like in segmented Taylor flow [34]. Here we only focus on gas-liquid flow in channels operated under the Taylor flow regime [35,36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numbered-up gas–liquid micro/milli channels reactor with modular flow distributor

Al-Rawashdeh

Nijhuis

et al. 2012

Chemical Engineering Journal

108

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Gas-liquid processing in microreactors remains mostly restricted to the laboratory scale due to the complexity and expenditure needed for an adequate numbering-up with a uniform flow distribution. Here, the numbering-up is presented for multiphase (gas-liquid) flow in microreactor suitable for a production capacity of kg/h. Based on the barrier channels concept, the barrier-based micro/milli reactor (BMMR) is designed and fabricated to deliver flow non-uniformity of less than 10%. The BMMR consists of eight parallel channels all operated in the Taylor flow regime and with a liquid flow rate up to 150 mL/min. The quality of the flow distribution is reported by studying two aspects. The first aspect is the influence of different viscosities, surface tensions and flow rates. The second aspect is the influence of modularity by testing three different reaction channels type: (1) square channels fabricated in a stainless steel plate, (2) in a glass plate, and (3) circular channels (capillaries) made of stainless steel.Additionally, the BMMR is compared to that of a single channel regard the slug and bubble lengths and bubble generation frequency. The results pave the ground for bringing multiphase flow in microreactor one step closer for large scale production via numbering-up.

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Elemental fluorine : Part 16. Versatile thin-film gas–liquid multi-channel microreactors for effective scale-out

Cited by 108 publications

References 18 publications

Fluid Behavior and Mass Transport Characteristics of Gas–Liquid and Liquid–Liquid Flows in Microchannels

Fluid Behavior and Mass Transport Characteristics of Gas–Liquid and Liquid–Liquid Flows in Microchannels

Continuous Flow Synthesis of Difluoroamine Systems by Direct Fluorination

Numbered-up gas–liquid micro/milli channels reactor with modular flow distributor

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