Elementary analysis of mobile phones for optimizing end-of-life scenarios

Takahashi, Kenji; Tsuda, Masayuki; Nakamura, Jiro; Otabe, Kazumi; Tsuruoka, Masaaki; Matsuno, Yasunari; Adachi, Yoshihiro

doi:10.1109/issst.2009.5156682

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…For example, gold, palladium, silver and copper, are shown to make up~99 % of the recycled value, despite only being 13.2 % of the content of a phone (Yu et al 2010). Interestingly, the fraction of gold, although tiny at 0.04 % by weight, is still approximately 200 times greater than that found in a South African gold mine (Takahashi et al 2009). This leads to consideration of waste electrical and electronic equipment as a resource to be mined (Oguchi et al 2011), a viewpoint which may become increasingly important as resource scarcity becomes more acute in the future.…”

Section: Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The economics of recycling mobile phones have also been explored (Chancerel 2009;Geyer and Blass 2010;Neira et al 2006;Bhuie et al 2004;Takahashi et al 2009). In particular, it is shown that the reuse market is the major source of economic gain at present.…”

Section: Mobergmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mobile phones require a multitude of materials during their construction and can contain more than 40 elements (UNEP 2009;OECD 2010), many of which are considered as being at high risk (BGS 2012). A multitude of studies have explored the material composition of mobile phones by weight (Bhuie et al 2004;Hageluken 2006;Huisman 2004;Navazo et al 2014;Tanskanen 2013;Wu et al 2008;Yu et al 2010), or their printed circuit boards (PCBs) (Kasper et al 2011;Wang and Gaustad 2012;Yamane et al 2011), or simply elemental content (Takahashi et al 2009). One in particular investigated the potential for recovery of copper from PCBs (Kasper et al 2011).…”

Section: Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Redefining scope: the true environmental impact of smartphones?

Suckling

Lee

2015

Int J Life Cycle Assess

102

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Purpose The aim of this study is to explore the literature surrounding the environmental impact of mobile phones and the implications of moving from the current business model of selling, using and discarding phones to a product service system based upon a cloud service. The exploration of the impacts relating to this shift and subsequent change in scope is explored in relation to the life cycle profile of a typical smartphone. Methods A literature study is conducted into the existing literature in order to define the characteristics of a Btypicalŝ martphone. Focus is given to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in different life cycle phases in line with that reported in the majority of literature. Usage patterns from literature are presented in order to show how a smartphone is increasingly responsible for not only data consumption but also data generation. The subsequent consequences of this for the balance of the life cycle phases are explored with the inclusion of wider elements in the potential expanded mobile infrastructure, such as servers and the network. Results and discussion From the available literature, the manufacturing phase is shown to dominate the life cycle of a Btypical^smartphone for GHG emissions. Smartphone users are shown to be increasingly reliant upon the internet for provision of their communications. Adding a server into the scope of a smartphone is shown to increase the use phase impact from 8.5 to 18.0 kg CO 2 -eq, other phases are less affected. Addition of the network increases the use phase by another 24.7 kg CO 2 -eq. In addition, it is shown that take-back of mobile phones is not effective at present and that prompt return of the phones could result in reduction in impact by best reuse potential and further reduction in toxic emissions through inappropriate disposal. Conclusions The way in which consumers interact with their phones is changing, leading to a system which is far more integrated with the internet. A product service system based upon a cloud service highlights the need for improved energy efficiency to make greatest reduction in GHG emissions in the use phase, and gives a mechanism to exploit residual value of the handsets by timely return of the phones, their components and recovery of materials.

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Section: Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Mobergmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Redefining scope: the true environmental impact of smartphones?

Suckling

Lee

2015

Int J Life Cycle Assess

102

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“…The samples of mobile phones are manually dismantled and stored safely for further analysis, so that the occurrence of any Table 2 Major metal elements in components (Takahashi et al, 2008 Speaker/microphone Cu, Mn, Zn Table 3 Typical compositions of printed circuit boards (PCBs) Hall and Williams (2007).…”

Section: Dismantling and Segregationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of gold and silver in assorted mobile phone printed circuit boards (PCBs): Original article

2015

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“…Table 2. Component-level metals content in Cell Phone [17] Based upon these data, the average composition of the most important parts of LCD screens by weight is concluded, which will be used to model cell phone LCD screens in the LCA software sustainable minds. The software allows for an evaluation of impacts caused by landfilling the material described above.…”

Section: Environmental Impact Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re (Cell) LCD: A Feasibility Study On Recycling Cell Phone LCDS

Alotaibi¹,

Beaschler²,

Rathod³

et al. 2017

IJERA

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Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD) are used in a magnitude of devices and have now become the norm in products that require a screen, such as, cell phones, computers, televisions, tablets, and more. However, many of these technologies are becoming outdated leading towards the issue of exponential growth of waste with a lack of technology set in place for proper recycling. Most of research literatures on LCD recycling are of electronic products and e-waste in general rather than cell phones in particular. Few studies on recycling of cell phone LCD have been accomplished. Since everyday around 300,000 mobile phones are sent to trash in United States alone, the recycling of LCD of cell phones is still a challenge for recyclers. In this paper four main topics will be discussed: Establishing need of recycling of LCD due to its environmental impacts, increasing number of LCD usage with time, current EoL (End of Life) process and challenges associated with it in terms of environment, economy and social aspects. By our findings, we are aiming to examine the sustainable feasibility of recycling LCD of cell phones comparing with other LCD products. Our approach for obtaining data for LCD of cell phones is to simulate details from other LCD products (LCD Monitor, LCD PC, LCD TV) such as main elements, recovery of substances, energy required to produce, etc.Finally, we will conclude with the observations with important considerations for a holistic approach to make LCD recycling of cell phones feasible. The results aim to enable recyclers to add confidence in LCD recycling of cell phones and also for researchers to extend this work with innovative ways and cost-effective approach in future.

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Elementary analysis of mobile phones for optimizing end-of-life scenarios

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

Redefining scope: the true environmental impact of smartphones?

Redefining scope: the true environmental impact of smartphones?

Assessment of gold and silver in assorted mobile phone printed circuit boards (PCBs): Original article

Re (Cell) LCD: A Feasibility Study On Recycling Cell Phone LCDS

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