Elementary processes governing the evolution of road networks

Strano, Emanuele; Nicosia, Vincenzo; Latora, Vito; Porta, Sergio; Barthélemy, Marc

doi:10.1038/srep00296

Cited by 275 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Major examples of spatial networks are brain networks [2], infrastructures [3,4], road networks [5], and social networks [7]. In many of these cases the networks are also multiplex indicating that the N nodes of the system can be connected by links of different nature forming a multilayer structure of networks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergence of overlap in ensembles of spatial multiplexes and statistical mechanics of spatial interacting network ensembles

2014

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Spatial networks range from the brain networks, to transportation networks and infrastructures. Recently interacting and multiplex networks are attracting great attention because their dynamics and robustness cannot be understood without treating at the same time several networks. Here we present maximal entropy ensembles of spatial multiplex and spatial interacting networks that can be used in order to model spatial multilayer network structures and to build null models of real datasets. We show that spatial multiplexes naturally develop a significant overlap of the links, a noticeable property of many multiplexes that can affect significantly the dynamics taking place on them. Additionally, we characterize ensembles of spatial interacting networks and we analyze the structure of interacting airport and railway networks in India, showing the effect of space in determining the link probability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many real networks [1] are embedded in a real [2][3][4][5][6] or in a hidden space [7,8] which plays a key role in determining their topology. Major examples of spatial networks are brain networks [2], infrastructures [3,4], road networks [5], and social networks [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of overlap in ensembles of spatial multiplexes and statistical mechanics of spatial interacting network ensembles

2014

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“…Moreover, it is assumed that additional lanes on the major center road can cater to additional through traffic. e assumed block size of 100m is based on Strano et al (2012) and is similar to Manhattan, Bogotá, or other cities. For each block, the centroid is linked by access links to the nearest roads.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Characteristics of real-world networks are essential to evaluate past developments. For example, Cardillo et al (2006) and Strano et al (2012) evaluated real-world networks and past network developments such as densities and lengths. However, the main focus of this paper relies on artificially generated networks and network models.…”

Section: Objective and Application Specificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape grammars overview and assessment for transport and urban design: Review, terminology, assessment, and application

Vitins

Axhausen²

2016

JTLU

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Shape grammars for urban design have attracted much interest in research and practice. Transport and urban planners increasingly deploy shape grammars, especially in simulations and procedural models. Shape grammars have multiple advantages due to their interdisciplinary and straightforward approach and low computational requirements. In addition, a rulebased design method and underlying fundamental research knowledge can potentially support future planning and design guidelines for handbooks and norms. However, little is known about the effectiveness of shape grammars in transport networks and urban environments. e proposed methodology aims at a future development of a robust and effective language for sustainable urban development. e theory of different fields is consolidated for a general grammar definition. Grammars require specified and corresponding objectives and application specifications for enhanced implementation. e proposed methodology for grammar rule assessment is based on elasticities to gain more insights in the effect of the rules. Elasticities allow comprehensive comparisons and verification between grammar rules. e paper reviews and highlights the key achievements and applications of shape grammars in cognate fields of science. Terminology sheds light on the definitions of most relevant terms including a general definition for grammar rules embedded in the language context. e paper differentiates methodological approaches in grammar design assessment and emphasizes a standardized approach for shape grammar definitions. e paper concludes with a detailed example for grammar rule assessment and potential future research.

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“…Another branch of research has investigated the accessibility of integrated transport networks, such as the work of Taaffe et al (1963) on Ghana, Erath et al centuries. An amount of effort has been dedicated to the evolution and accessibility of road networks, such as the work of Weber (2012) on the USA since the 1940s, Muntele and Cimpoesu (2011) on Moldavia over three centuries, and Strano et al (2012) on Milan over 200 years. One classic work was carried out by Bel (2011) to analyze the development of road networks in Spain since 1720 and this showed a long-term pattern, although the discussion integrated railways and motorways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution, accessibility and dynamics of road networks in China from 1600 BC to 1900 AD

2015

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Before the emergence of modern modes of transport, the traditional road infrastructure was the major historical means of carrying out nationwide socio-economic exchange. However, the history of transport infrastructure has received little attention from researchers. Given this background, the work reported here examined the long-term development of transport networks in China. The national road network was selected for study and the 3500 years from 1600 BC to 1900 AD was chosen as the study period. Indicators were designed for the maturity level of road networks and an accessibility model was developed for the paths of the shortest distance. The evolution of the road network in China since the Shang Dynasty (1600 BC) was described and its major features were summarized to reveal long-term regularities. The maturity level of the road network and its accessibility was assessed and regions with good and poor networks were identified. The relationship between China's natural, social, and economic systems and the road network were discussed. Our analysis shows that the road network in China has a number of long-term regularities. The continuously expanding road network follows a path of inland expansion especially towards the border areas. However, its coverage and accessibility are characterized by a core-peripheral configuration, which has close relationships with, not only the natural conditions, but also national defense and warfare. The centralization of national power, national land governance, postal transport, the transport of specialized cargos, and international trade are also related to the development of the road network. This research draws attention to the evolving regularities of transport networks.

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Elementary processes governing the evolution of road networks

Cited by 275 publications

References 32 publications

Emergence of overlap in ensembles of spatial multiplexes and statistical mechanics of spatial interacting network ensembles

Emergence of overlap in ensembles of spatial multiplexes and statistical mechanics of spatial interacting network ensembles

Shape grammars overview and assessment for transport and urban design: Review, terminology, assessment, and application

Evolution, accessibility and dynamics of road networks in China from 1600 BC to 1900 AD

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