“…However, a few studies showed that teacher and school factors were also considered important (Hughes et al, 1993;Maxwell, 1987;Mortimore, Davies, Varlaam, & West, 1983;Poulou & Norwich, 2000). Increasingly, researchers have established links between teachers' causal attributions and discipline-related practices (Bibou-Nakou, Kiosseoglou, & Stogiannidou, 2000;Bibou-Nakou, Stogiannidou, & Kiosseoglou, 1999;Brophy, 1996;Brophy & Rohrkemper, 1981;Davis & Sumara, 1997;Goyette et al, 2000;Hughes et al, 1993;Poulou & Norwich, 2000). In general, students are more subject to punitive measures if they are perceived to have control over the cause of the problem, and teachers would be more sympathetic and willing to help students viewed as victims of circumstances (Brophy, 1996;Brophy & Rohrkemper, 1981;Natriello & Dornbusch, 1984;Tollefson, 2000).…”