2021
DOI: 10.5194/tc-15-5423-2021
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Elements of future snowpack modeling – Part 2: A modular and extendable Eulerian–Lagrangian numerical scheme for coupled transport, phase changes and settling processes

Abstract: Abstract. A coupled treatment of transport processes, phase changes and mechanical settling is the core of any detailed snowpack model. A key concept underlying the majority of these models is the notion of layers as deforming material elements that carry the information on their physical state. Thereby an explicit numerical solution of the ice mass continuity equation can be circumvented, although with the downside of virtual no flexibility in implementing different coupling schemes for densification, phase c… Show more

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Cited by 7 publications
(3 citation statements)
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“…The primary driving mechanisms of this settlement are the deformation of the ice skeleton of snow and the subsequent pore volume reduction (e.g., Yosida et al., 1958). Understanding the viscoplastic behavior of snow is crucial to predict its densification, which is required to model the snowpack evolution (Lehning et al., 2002; Simson et al., 2021; Vionnet et al., 2012) or the pore close‐off in ice cores (Gregory et al., 2014), which in turn relates to many applications such as avalanche forecasting (Morin et al., 2020), hydrology (DeBeer & Pomeroy, 2017) or paleo‐climatology (Barnola et al., 1987).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The primary driving mechanisms of this settlement are the deformation of the ice skeleton of snow and the subsequent pore volume reduction (e.g., Yosida et al., 1958). Understanding the viscoplastic behavior of snow is crucial to predict its densification, which is required to model the snowpack evolution (Lehning et al., 2002; Simson et al., 2021; Vionnet et al., 2012) or the pore close‐off in ice cores (Gregory et al., 2014), which in turn relates to many applications such as avalanche forecasting (Morin et al., 2020), hydrology (DeBeer & Pomeroy, 2017) or paleo‐climatology (Barnola et al., 1987).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Detailed annual snow pit data are extremely valuable, as studies have shown that current snow models struggle to accurately simulate vertical profiles of density and thermal conductivity (Domine et al, 2016;Barrere et al, 2017;Gouttevin et al, 2018;Royer et al, 2021;Lackner et al, 2022). Although new models are being developed to account for this deficiency (Jafari et al, 2020;Simson et al, 2021), critical validation data for snow density profiles remain very rare in the Arctic. In this paper, we present information on two research sites while fully documenting all the available data and providing a detailed analysis of the soil properties at the sites.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Detailed annual snowpit data are extremely valuable, as studies have shown that current snow models struggle to accurately simulate vertical profiles of density and thermal conductivity (Domine et al, 2016;Barrere et al, 2017;Gouttevin et al, 2018;Royer et al, 2021;Lackner et al, 2022a). Although new models are being developed to account for this deficiency (Jafari et al, 2020;Simson et al, 2021), critical validation data for snow density profiles remain very rare in the Arctic. In this paper, we present information on two research sites while fully documenting all the available data and providing a detailed analysis of the soil properties at the sites.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%