Elements of helicopter supermanoeuvrability at low flight velocities

Abstract

The results of preliminary tests concerning estimation and widening of helicopter limiting manoeuvre abilities are presented. Research space applies to super‐ and hipermanoeuvrability problems that are especially important for helicopters, because of better manoeuvrability influence on higher safety level and effectiveness in special applications. In airplane engineering, these types of tests are advanced and aerodynamic system improvements are introduced as well as thrust vector control. There are also new manoeuvres recognized for advanced manoevrability airplanes: Cobra, Kulbit, Hook, Bell, Herbst manoeuvre. Although helicopter is “originally” thrust controlled, systematic researches on this field are still not conducted. The paper deals with the problem of helicopter flight mechanics at low flight speeds. The purpose of performed analysis is to achieve possibility of helicopter angular position control within wide range of angular displacements. This is performed by linear and centrifugal acceleration control. Rotor thrust vector control makes those accelerations appear.

Limited Liability Companies in Poland

“…Members of the management board are appointed and dismissed by a resolution of shareholders, unless the articles of association stipulate otherwise (Article 201 § 4). 62 The mandate of a member of the management board expires at the end of the fixed term, as well as due to death, resignation, or dismissal from the board (Article 202 § 2, 3). 63 A member of the management board may be dismissed at any time by a resolution of shareholders (Article 203.…”

“…35 Contributions made by shareholders may be non-monetary, or made in cash. 36 Making in-kind contributions 37 requires that the articles of association should specify in detail the subject of the contribution, the identity of the contribution-making shareholder, and the number and nominal value of the shares taken up in exchange (Article 158 § 1). If the value of in-kind contributions is significantly overstated in relation to their sale value on the date of concluding the company's articles of association, the shareholder who made the contribution and the members of the management board who knowingly reported the company to the register, are obliged to jointly and severally equalise the missing value (Article 175).…”

“…The supervisory board consists of at least three members (Article 215 § 1). 61 There are either management or supervisory bodies, not both. Apart from regulations concerning state enterprises that have turned into companies, employees do not have the authority to participate in the management of the company.…”

Wybrane regulacje Kodeksu spółek handlowych w świetle konstytucyjnego modelu ochrony własności

“…418 k.s.h., które mają charakter matematyczny oraz proceduralny. Niemniej jednak, nawet gdy akcjonariusze mniejszościowi nie są odpowiedzialni za żadną przysłowiową "krecią robotę" względem akcjonariuszy większościowych, możliwość ich przymusowego wykupu pozwala w sposób łatwy osiągnąć zamknięty charakter spółki, która w sensie ekonomicznym w sposób przeważający "należy" do akcjonariuszy większościowych 70 . Niewątpliwie zatem ułatwia i wzmacnia realizację przysługującego im prawa własności.…”

„Piercing the Corporate Veil Doctrine in Poland?” A Comparative Perspective

“…However, some jurists believe that the interest of a holding group cannot prevail over the interest of a single company existing in the group 106 . Although Polish statutory law does not touch on the problem of the interest of a holding group as a consequence of stemming from a parentsubsidiary relationship, some commentators indicate that the business interests of the group are a crucial element for the existence of a holding group 107 . Also, courts admit that the interest of a group of companies, though not required by law, is necessary to establish the group of companies.…”