1992
DOI: 10.1128/mcb.12.9.3699
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Elements upstream of the AAUAAA within the human immunodeficiency virus polyadenylation signal are required for efficient polyadenylation in vitro.

Abstract: Recent in vivo studies have identified specific sequences between 56 and 93 nucleotides upstream of a polyadenylation [poly(A)] consensus sequence, AAUAAA, in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) that affect the efficiency of 3'-end processing at this site (A. Valsamakis, S. Zeichner, S. Carswell, and J. C. Alwine, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:2108-2112, 1991). We have used HeLa cell nuclear extracts and precursor RNAs bearing the HIV-1 poly(A) signal to study the role of upstream sequences in vitro. P… Show more

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Cited by 70 publications
(56 citation statements)
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“…In addition to the AAUAAA motif and the downstream GU-rich or U-rich element of mammalian systems, upstream sequences that contribute to the efficiency of mRNA 3Ј end formation were also identified in the mammalian viruses simian virus 40 (6,36), adenovirus (8,9), hepatitis B virus (29), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (3,11,12,38,39). These elements function in an orientation-and position-dependent manner, and several appear to be functionally analogous.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition to the AAUAAA motif and the downstream GU-rich or U-rich element of mammalian systems, upstream sequences that contribute to the efficiency of mRNA 3Ј end formation were also identified in the mammalian viruses simian virus 40 (6,36), adenovirus (8,9), hepatitis B virus (29), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (3,11,12,38,39). These elements function in an orientation-and position-dependent manner, and several appear to be functionally analogous.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The identification of a G-rich element in the À100/À41 upstream region (AUE.1) is novel. Interestingly, an early study of upstream elements of the polyadenylation signal in HIV-1 implicated a region containing a G-rich element in the regulation of polyadenylation (Valsamakis et al 1992). The fact that G-rich elements are found in both upstream and downstream regions indicate that they could be general enhancers for polyadenylation independent of their position.…”
Section: Gu-rich Elementsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These 'Coiiesponding author. elements do not conform to a consensus sequence but are characterized as either U-rich or GU-rich. Upstream efficiency elements (USEs) have also been described in several systems, including the SV40 late RNAs (Carswell and Alwine 1989;Schek et al 1992), ground squirrel hepatitis virus (Russnak and Ganem 1990;Russnak 1991), cauliflower mosaic virus (Sanfacon et al 1991), HIV-1 (Brown et al 1991;DeZazzo et al 1991;Valsamakis et al 1991Valsamakis et al , 1992, and adenovirus type 2 (DeZazzo and Imperiale 1989). The USE of the SV40 late polyadenylation signal has three motifs with the consensus AUUU-GURA, located between 15 and 50 nucleotides upstream of the AAUAAA (Fig.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%