Elevated Ag nanohole arrays for high performance plasmonic sensors based on extraordinary optical transmission

Zhang, Xuemin; Li, Zibo; Ye, Shunsheng; Wu, Shan; Zhang, Junhu; Cui, Liying; Li, Anran; Wang, Tieqiang; Li, Shuzhou; Yang, Bai

doi:10.1039/c2jm30525a

Cited by 70 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Periodic micro/nanostructured arrays have attracted considerable interests in recent years because of their applications in wide fi elds, such as active substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy (SERS), [1][2][3][4][5][6] chemical and biological sensors, [7][8][9][10][11][12] solar cells, [13][14][15] photonic crystal, [16][17][18][19] self-cleaning surfaces, [20][21][22] photocatalytic materials, [ 23 ] microfl uidic devices nanogaps with sub-10 nm between two nearest neighboring nanostructured units can produce plasmonic coupling, resulting in the electromagnetic fi eld enhancement and forming a large quantity effi cient "hot spots" for ultrasensitive SERS substrates. [45][46][47] Therefore, tuning the nanogap value properly to enhance plasmonic coupling is more meaningful to SERS examination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spherical Nanoparticle Arrays with Tunable Nanogaps and Their Hydrophobicity Enhanced Rapid SERS Detection by Localized Concentration of Droplet Evaporation

Zhang

Zhou

Liu

et al. 2015

Adv Materials Inter

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Their properties are usually dependent on morphologies and sizes, and hence the fabrication of controllable uniform micro/nanostructured arrays on a large-scale becomes more important. Conventional methods for obtaining periodical nanostructured arrays are lithographic techniques including laser lithography, [ 26,27 ] electron-beam lithography, [28][29][30] X-ray lithography, [ 31 ] atomic force microscope lithography, [ 32 ] scanning tunneling microscopy technology, [ 33 ] and so on. However, these techniques can not be afforded to most laboratories because of their high processing costs and lower production effi ciency. [ 34 ] In recent decades, with fast development of colloidal science and self-assembly technology, large-scaled monolayer colloidal crystals can be fabricated using highly monodispersed colloidal spheres. [ 35 ] Based on this achievement, another alternative method, colloidal lithography, has been well developed to fabricate multiform periodic micro/nanostructured arrays (i.e., nanoparticle arrays, nanobowl arrays, nanoring arrays, and nanopillar arrays) using these monolayer colloidal crystals as templates or masks [36][37][38][39] by chemical routes including solution-dipping strategy, wet chemical etching, and electrochemical deposition. [40][41][42][43] Such periodic micro/nanostructured array fi lms generally have special rough surfaces, which can be used as SERS-active substrates for detection and identification of organic molecules with trace concentrations. Although chemical routes based on colloidal templates possess advantages of the simple operation, low processing costs, it is still quite diffi cult to achieve micro/nanostructured arrays with very uniform morphology on large-scale by above routes. If these micro/ nanostructured arrays are applied as active substrates in SERS detection, the intensity of SERS spectra in different areas on the sample will fl uctuate in a large range, leading to the failure in practical applications. Whereas other parallel routes, based on physical process method, such as sputtering deposition, pulsed laser deposition, thermal evaporation deposition, atomic layer deposition, and so on, combining with monolayer colloidal crystals template can well resolve these problems. [ 44 ] SERS enhancement activities are mainly dependent on chemical enhancement or local electromagnetic fi eld enhancement at nanoscaled protrusions and cavities. For the latter case, the Periodic hexagonal spherical nanoparticle arrays are fabricated by a sacrificial colloidal monolayer template route by chemical deposition and further physical deposition. The regular network-structured arrays are fi rst templated by colloidal monolayers and then they are changed to novel periodic spherical nanoparticle arrays by further sputtering deposition due to multiple direction deposition and shadow effect between adjacent nanoparticles. The nanogaps between two adjacent spherical nanoparticles can be well tuned by controlling deposition time. Such periodic nanoparticle arrays with gold coatings ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spherical Nanoparticle Arrays with Tunable Nanogaps and Their Hydrophobicity Enhanced Rapid SERS Detection by Localized Concentration of Droplet Evaporation

Zhang

Zhou

Liu

et al. 2015

Adv Materials Inter

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“…[ 19,35 ] This ensures the sensor be more sensitive to RI variations and accessible to target molecules. Firstly, to enhance the RIS, the generated enhanced electromagnetic fi eld of plasmonic nanostructure should be exposed to surrounding media rather than overlapping with substrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance Plasmonic Sensors Based on Two‐Dimensional Ag Nanowell Crystals

Zhang

Chang

et al. 2014

Advanced Optical Materials

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Both resonance modes exhibit a tight confi nement of the exponentially decaying electromagnetic fi eld. Hence the optical properties can be highly sensitive to small changes of the refractive index (RI) in close proximity to the metal surface. A change of the effective RI resulting from molecular binding events at the surface of the SP-based sensor, therefore, can be directly detected in real time as the changes in optical intensity, [13][14][15][16][17] wavelength, [18][19][20] or angle. [ 21,22 ] In conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detectors, such as the commercially available BIAcore, light is coupled into SPP modes on a fl at, continuous gold fi lm via a prism-based coupling, known as the Kreschmann confi guration. [ 23 ] This has proved to be a highly effective tool in clinical diagnosis, but the cumbersome prism coupling remains diffi cult to integrate into cost-effective, high-throughput, and portable devices for rapid bioanalytical measurements. Therefore, plamonic sensors that do not require any bulky coupling optics are highly desired.From this point of view, nanostructured free-electron metals are of increasing interest. For one thing, they can solve the momentum mismatch between photons and SPs, [ 24 ] which makes them be resonantly excited by light without the need for any couplers; for another, continuing advances in nanoparticle synthesis and nanofabrication technologies, [25][26][27][28] as well as the development in theories make it possible to rationally design and prepare plasmonic devices with optimal optical properties and thus enhanced sensing performance. Currently, nanostructured plasmonic sensors can be classifi ed into two main groups: colloidal nanoparticles and surface-bound nanostructures. The surface-bound nanostructures offer at least two attractive features. One is that their optical properties can be readily tuned by controlling the shape, size, composition, and spacing of the nanostructures. The other one is that they are free of capping agents or stabilizers used in colloidal nanoparticle synthesis, which makes them readily accessible for functionalization with specifi c receptors or ligands. These advantages make them the focus of research in the fi eld of plasmonic sensors.When evaluating an SP-based sensor, the refractive index sensitivity (RIS) is mostly considered. The RIS of a wavelengthinterrogated sensor is defi ned in terms of the change in peak A high-performance plasmonic biosensor based on two-dimensional (2D) Ag nanowell crystals is rationally designed and fabricated by colloidal lithography. The crystals act as 2D metallic gratings that directly couple incident photons to surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). The nanowell sizes are properly tuned to enable coupling between the SPPs and Raleigh anomalies, which proves to greatly contribute to sharp refl ectance dips. Other geometric parameters including the nanowell depth and the lattice constant are respectively adjusted to optimize the lineshape and sensitivity. These inferences and experimental results a...

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“…1. It has been demonstrated that the substrates with a lower index can further increase the EOT efficiency and improve the sensor performance [30,31]. And the CYTOP is a highly transparent and chemically stable fluoropolymer with a low RI of n1 very close to that of water, so we consider the nanoslit array is embedded in CYTOP (with the RI of n1≈n water =1.33) to match the RI of water environment above the structures.…”

Section: Structure Model and Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the EOT-based sensors usually provide much lower sensitivity than the conventional SPR technique, so enhancing their performance is a significant focus of current research on plasmonics [16,17]. Many researchers have developed and optimized some EOT-based sensors with different strategies, such as us-ing suspended metal films [18], changing the shape of nano-patterns [19][20][21], employing more complex structures [22,23]. However, in all of these studies, they suffer from a large intrinsic Ohmic loss in metal materials, which hinders further improvements of the performances (spectra intensity, quality factor, signal-to-noise ratio) of the EOT-based sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-efficiency refractive index sensor based on the metallic nanoslit arrays with gain-assisted materials

Luo

Tao

et al. 2016

Nanophotonics

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Abstract:We have designed and investigated a three-band refractive index (RI) sensor in the range of 550-900 nm based on the metal nanoslit array with gain-assisted materials. The underlying mechanism of the three-band and enhanced characteristics of the metal nanoslit array with gain-assisted materials, have also been investigated theoretically and numerically. Three resonant peaks in transmission spectra are deemed to be in different plasmonic resonant modes in the metal nanoslit array, which leads to different responses for the plasmonic sensor. By embedding the structure into the CYTOP with proper gain-assisted materials, the sensing performances can be greatly enhanced due to a dramatic amplification of the extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) resonance by the gain medium. When the gain values reach their corresponding thresholds for the three plasmonic modes, the ultrahigh sensitivities in three bands can be obtained, and especially for the second resonant wavelength (λ 2 ), the FOM=128.1 and FOM*= 39100 can be attained at the gain threshold of k =0.011. Due to these unique features, the designing scheme of the proposed gain-assisted nanoslit sensor could provide a powerful approach to optimize the

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Elevated Ag nanohole arrays for high performance plasmonic sensors based on extraordinary optical transmission

Cited by 70 publications

References 55 publications

Spherical Nanoparticle Arrays with Tunable Nanogaps and Their Hydrophobicity Enhanced Rapid SERS Detection by Localized Concentration of Droplet Evaporation

Spherical Nanoparticle Arrays with Tunable Nanogaps and Their Hydrophobicity Enhanced Rapid SERS Detection by Localized Concentration of Droplet Evaporation

High‐Performance Plasmonic Sensors Based on Two‐Dimensional Ag Nanowell Crystals

High-efficiency refractive index sensor based on the metallic nanoslit arrays with gain-assisted materials

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