Elevated atmospheric CO2 impact on carbon and nitrogen transformations and microbial community in replicated wetland

Abstract

Background Elevated atmospheric CO2 has direct and indirect influences on ecosystem processes. The impact of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on carbon and nitrogen transformations, together with the microbial community, was evaluated with water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in an open-top chamber replicated wetland. The responses of nitrogen and carbon pools in water and wetland soil, and microbial community abundance were studied under ambient CO2 and elevated CO2 (ambient + 200 μL L−1). Results Total biomass for the whole plant under elevated CO2 increased by an average of 8% (p = 0.022). Wetlands, with water hyacinth, showed a significant increase in total carbon and total organic carbon in water by 7% (p = 0.001) and 21% (p = 0.001), respectively, under elevated CO2 compared to that of ambient CO2. Increase in dissolved carbon in water correlates with the presence of wetland plants since the water hyacinth can directly exchange CO2 from the atmosphere to water by the upper epidermis of leaves. Also, the enrichment CO2 showed an increase in total carbon and total organic carbon concentration in wetland soil by 3% (p = 0.344) and 6% (p = 0.008), respectively. The total nitrogen content in water increased by 26% (p = 0.0001), while total nitrogen in wetland soil pool under CO2 enrichment decreased by 9% (p = 0.011) due to increased soil microbial community abundance, extracted by phospholipid fatty acids, which was 25% larger in amount than that of the ambient treatment. Conclusion The study revealed that the elevated CO2 would affect the carbon and nitrogen transformations in wetland plant, water, and soil pool and increase soil microbial community abundance.

Crude oil exploration in Africa: socio-economic implications, environmental impacts, and mitigation strategies

“…The contamination of water, soil, and air by oil and gas wastes as well as its associated byproducts is a possibility. Reports by citizens have shown the relative effect of production and drilling activities on the contamination of surface waters, soils surrounding well sites, and water wells; air emissions emanating from wellheads, pipelines, drilling sites, compressor stations, and several other oil and gas field infrastructure have been reported to pose air quality concerns (Jiang et al 2020 ). Other significant environmental threats are those emanating from the dust particles left from drilling which can coat the surrounding areas, as well as flames produced upon combustion of natural gas in the oil fields which are known to cause air pollution.…”

“…Several activities in crude oil processing ranging from extraction, refining, transportation, and gas flaring introduce greenhouse gases especially carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The process of burning fossil fuels (coal), oil, and gas leading to the emission of carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas) has led to global warming raising serious environmental challenges (Darkwah et al 2018 ; Jiang et al 2020 ). Also, the flaring of gases rich in a liquid produces smoke having aerosols that also contribute to global warming (FOE 2004 ; Darkwah et al 2018 ).…”

“…(Beyer et al 2020 ; Vargas et al 2020 ). Noise, atmospheric, and marine pollution arises from onshore and offshore operations of oil rigs, distillation plants, tank farms, and vehicular emissions; which negatively impact water and air quality (Pathak and Mandalia 2012 ; Jiang et al 2020 ). Besides, trace elements are introduced into surface waters from deep aquifers, as a result of the exploration processes, and many of these chemicals, such as cadmium, arsenic, mercury, copper, zinc, and lead, etc., are toxic to aquatic animals as well as humans (Ore and Adeola 2021 ).…”

Seasonal dynamics of iron and phosphorus in reservoir sediments in Eucalyptus plantation region

“…The sample relationship (R 2 ) was statistically evaluated by the linear regression analysis of SPSS Statistics 17.0 (SPSS Inc., USA). All chemical analysis determinations for sediment samples were performed in a triplicate form (Huang et al 2019;Jiang et al 2020;Norgbey et al 2020a).…”

Long-term fertilization modifies the composition of slow-growing oligotrophs more than fast-growing copiotrophs in a nutrient poor coastal plain wetland

“…While carbon accrual into the soil from increased plant productivity is beneficial, climate change effects such as elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperatures can also disrupt the carbon cycle by modifying the rate of carbon loss to the atmosphere (Borer et al 2017, Lange et al 2015). Previous studies have shown that high levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increase plant growth leading to higher amounts of respired carbon from microbial decomposition (Jiang et al 2020). Increased temperatures also promote higher rates of decomposition (Cavicchioli et al 2019).…”