Elevated basal intestinal mucosal cytokine levels in asymptomatic first-degree relatives of patients with Crohn’s disease

Indaram, Anant; Nandi, Santa; Weissman, Sam; Lam, Stanley; Bailey, Beverly; Blumstein, M.; Greenberg, Ronald; Bank, Simmy

doi:10.3748/wjg.v6.i1.49

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, in spite of the long‐lasting cyclical oscillation of blood parameters, intestinal tissue showed a normal appearance when visualized by light microscopy from 15 days on. In contrast, both MPO determination and electron microscopy analysis demonstrate alterations in the intestinal tissue that correlate well with the blood parameters, corroborating despite apparent normality, a sustained subclinical low grade inflammation remains chronically as in many IBD patients in clinical remission 15,16…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

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Correlation between cyclical epithelial barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation in the relapses of intestinal inflammation

Porras

Martín

Yang

et al. 2006

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

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The sustained enhancement of paracellular permeability could facilitate the constant passage of luminal antigens through the mucosa, and hence, be the basis for chronicity. By contrast, transcellular permeability only increases during the active phases, when hypomotility and bacterial translocation are also present, suggesting this factor may play a critical role in the course of acute relapses in IBD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Moreover, it also seems that relapses in IBD patients are preceded by an increase in intestinal permeability 14. This altered permeability could be responsible for a chronic low‐grade inflammation which facilitates relapses 15,16…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between cyclical epithelial barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation in the relapses of intestinal inflammation

Porras

Martín

Yang

et al. 2006

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

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“…This effect is manifest as increased T cell proliferation and cytokine production following antigen re-challenge in the skin 72. In addition, CD relatives have been reported to demonstrate increased interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-6 and IL-8 in intestinal biopsy samples,73 raised serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and haematological perturbations similar to those seen in patients with CD 74. However, immunological abnormalities known to occur in CD, such as changes in peripheral T cell homing behaviour75 76 or changes in T helper 17 (Th17) cell cytokines,77 have not been investigated in relatives and thus the mechanisms of the subclinical inflammation remain obscure.…”

Section: The Dimensions Of the At-risk Phenotypementioning

confidence: 99%

Family studies in Crohn's disease: new horizons in understanding disease pathogenesis, risk and prevention: Figure 1

Hedin

Stagg

Whelan

et al. 2011

Gut

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Crohn's disease (CD) is an incurable intestinal disorder in which the loss of immune tolerance to the commensal gut microbiota leads to chronic inflammation. The reason this occurs in specific individuals is unclear; however, a genetic predisposition is fundamental and relatives of patients with CD are at significant risk of developing the disease. Knowledge relating to the genetic loci that predispose to CD is accumulating, which raises the possibility of disease prediction and prevention in susceptible populations. However, the genetic basis of CD is complex and genotyping alone is likely to be insufficient to predict disease risk accurately. Specific physiological abnormalities associated with CD, such as increased intestinal permeability and raised faecal calprotectin, are also abnormal in some relatives of patients with CD. The combination of genotypic factors and biomarkers of risk makes the development of models of disease prediction a realistic possibility. Furthermore, enhanced understanding of the genotype and phenotype of the at-risk state in relatives of patients with CD allows the earliest stages in the pathogenesis of CD to be investigated and may allow intervention to prevent disease onset. This article reviews current knowledge of the at-risk phenotype in relatives of patients with CD and focuses on the implications for the design of future studies.

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“…Immunoregulation dysfunction plays a central role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, although their etiology and pathophysiology remain to be elucidated. Immunoregulation dysfunction is mainly manifested as increased proinflammatory cytokines and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokines, which introduce the generation of "inflammation cascade", result in overproduction of oxygen and nitrogen reactive species, thus leading to intestinal and/or colonic injury [10][11][12][13][14][15] . Numerous studies have demonstrated that modulation of immunological disorders is an effective target for the treatment of IBD [15][16][17][18][19] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect ofangelica sinensispolysaccharide on experimental immunological colon injury in rats

Liu

Dong²,

Wu³

et al. 2003

WJG

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AIM:To study the effect of angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) on immunological colon injury and its mechanisms in rats. METHODS:Immunological colitis model of rats was induced by intracolon enema with 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) and ethanol. The experimental animals were randomly divided into normal control, model control, 5-aminosalicylic acid therapy groups and three doses of ASP therapy groups. The 6 groups were treated intracolonically with normal saline, normal saline, 5-aminosalicylic acid (100 mg·kg -1

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Elevated basal intestinal mucosal cytokine levels in asymptomatic first-degree relatives of patients with Crohn’s disease

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Correlation between cyclical epithelial barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation in the relapses of intestinal inflammation

Correlation between cyclical epithelial barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation in the relapses of intestinal inflammation

Family studies in Crohn's disease: new horizons in understanding disease pathogenesis, risk and prevention: Figure 1

Protective effect ofangelica sinensispolysaccharide on experimental immunological colon injury in rats

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