Elevated CO2 has concurrent effects on leaf and grain metabolism but minimal effects on yield in wheat

Tcherkez, Guillaume; Mariem, Sinda Ben; Larraya, Luis; García‐Mina, José María; Zamarreño, Ángel M.; Paradela, Alberto; Cui, Jing; Badeck, Franz-W.; Meza, Diego Armando Rojas; Rizza, Fulvia; Bunce, James A.; Han, Xue; Tausz‐Posch, Sabine; Cattivelli, L.; Fangmeier, Andreas; Aranjuelo, Íker

doi:10.1093/jxb/eraa330

Cited by 37 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…A recent study involving five FACE facilities in Germany, Italy, China, Australia, and the USA under relatively dry conditions with total rainfall during the growing season ranging between 141 and 347 mm year –1 showed that exposure to elevated [CO 2 ] of + 150 μmol mol −1 did not affect yield and photosynthetic rate of wheat in almost all sites (with the only exception of the USA site) 41 . In general, the lack of a CO 2 effect on yield was explained by an unchanged assimilation rate, concluding that the effect of CO 2 on yield is highly dependent on local environmental conditions (e.g., water availability, N fertilization rate, soil type), acclimation capacity, and cultivar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Six decades of warming and drought in the world’s top wheat-producing countries offset the benefits of rising CO2 to yield

Helman

Bonfil

2022

Sci Rep

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Future atmospheric carbon-dioxide concentration ([CO2]) rise is expected to increase the grain yield of C3 crops like wheat even higher under drought. This expectation is based on small-scale experiments and model simulations based on such observations. However, this combined effect has never been confirmed through actual observations at the nationwide or regional scale. We present the first evidence that warming and drought in the world’s leading wheat-producing countries offset the benefits of increasing [CO2] to wheat yield in the last six decades. Using country-level wheat yield census observations, [CO2] records, and gridded climate data in a statistical model based on a well-established methodology, we show that a [CO2] rise of ~ 98 μmol mol−1 increased the yield by 7% in the area of the top-twelve wheat-producing countries, while warming of 1.2 °C and water depletion of ~ 29 mm m−2 reduced the wheat grain yield by ~ 3% and ~ 1%, respectively, in the last six decades (1961–2019). Our statistical model corroborated the beneficial effect of [CO2] but contrasted the expected increase of grain yield under drought. Moreover, the increase in [CO2] barely offsets the adverse impacts of warming and drought in countries like Germany and France, with a net yield loss of 3.1% and no gain, respectively, at the end of the sampling period relative to the 1961–1965 baseline. In China and the wheat-growing areas of the former Soviet Union—two of the three largest wheat-producing regions—yields were ~ 5.5% less than expected from current [CO2] levels. Our results suggest shifting our efforts towards more experimental studies set in currently warm and dry areas and combining these with statistical and numerical modeling to improve our understanding of future impacts of a warmer and drier world with higher [CO2].

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Six decades of warming and drought in the world’s top wheat-producing countries offset the benefits of rising CO2 to yield

Helman

Bonfil

2022

Sci Rep

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“…Leaf chlorophyll content was reduced at elevated CO 2 because of pigment degradation from lower nitrogen metabolism (Haque et al, 2006; Tcherkez et al, 2020). Genetic variation in leaf chlorophyll was reported to significantly impact wheat heat tolerance (Javed et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological traits for evaluating heat‐tolerance of Australian spring wheat cultivars at elevated CO₂

Bokshi

Thistlethwaite

Chaplin

et al. 2022

J Agronomy Crop Science

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High temperatures and increasing CO2 concentrations are a major threat to global wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production, demanding the development of heat‐tolerant wheat cultivars. Plant physiological traits are potential surrogates for evaluating genetic variation for crop stress tolerance. This research evaluated 23 Australian wheat cultivars and two breeding lines for heat‐tolerance by characterising the associated physiological traits. The interactive effects of heat‐stress and elevated CO2 were studied under controlled greenhouse conditions and delayed sowing in the field with exposure to higher temperature. Physiological changes, pollen viability and grain yield were assessed. A significant correlation was observed between physiological and agronomical traits under high temperature at 35°C and elevated CO2 at 800 µl L−1, providing evidence of adaptation to high temperatures in some genotypes. Variation in stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, canopy temperature, leaf chlorophyll and photosynthesis were associated with maintenance of pollen viability and grain yield at high temperatures. Of the genotypes assessed, seven were classified as heat tolerant at both ambient and elevated CO2 and nine were heat susceptible while the remainder showed a variable response to CO2 at high temperatures. Field data confirmed the heat responses of the most heat‐tolerant and susceptible genotypes. The heat tolerant genotypes identified are candidates for further breeding and selection to improve adaptation to a changing climate.

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“…Quality deterioration due to lower protein via reduced N is of critical concern in future high CO 2 climate considering that even additional supply of N does not prevent N dilution in grain under eCO 2 (Tausz et al 2017). In addition, eCO 2 has strong detrimental effect on other nutrient availability and remobilization from leaves to grains (Tcherkez et al 2020).…”

Section: Elevated Co 2 Reduced Grain N In Yitpi Onlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Stress Prevented the Biomass and Yield Stimulation Caused by Elevated CO2 in Two Well-Watered Wheat Cultivars

Chavan

Duursma

Tausz

et al. 2021

Preprint

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To investigate the interactive effects of elevated CO2 and heat stress (HS), we grew two contrasting wheat cultivars, early-maturing Scout and high-tillering Yitpi, under non-limiting water and nutrients at ambient (aCO2, 450 ppm) or elevated (eCO2, 650 ppm) CO2 and 22°C in the glasshouse. Plants were exposed to two 3-day HS cycles at the vegetative (38.1°C) and/or flowering (33.5°C) stage. At aCO2, both wheat cultivars showed similar responses of photosynthesis and mesophyll conductance to temperature and produced similar grain yield. Relative to aCO2, eCO2 enhanced photosynthesis rate and reduced stomatal conductance and maximal carboxylation rate (Vcmax). During HS, high temperature stimulated photosynthesis at eCO2 in both cultivars, while eCO2 stimulated photosynthesis in Scout. Electron transport rate (Jmax) was unaffected by any treatment. eCO2 equally enhanced biomass and grain yield of both cultivars in control, but not HS, plants. HS reduced biomass and yield of Scout at eCO2. Yitpi, the cultivar with higher grain nitrogen, underwent a trade-off between grain yield and nitrogen. In conclusion, eCO2 improved photosynthesis of control and HS wheat, and improved biomass and grain yield of control plants only. Under well-watered conditions, HS was not detrimental to photosynthesis or growth but precluded a yield response to eCO2.

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Elevated CO2 has concurrent effects on leaf and grain metabolism but minimal effects on yield in wheat

Cited by 37 publications

References 88 publications

Six decades of warming and drought in the world’s top wheat-producing countries offset the benefits of rising CO2 to yield

Six decades of warming and drought in the world’s top wheat-producing countries offset the benefits of rising CO2 to yield

Physiological traits for evaluating heat‐tolerance of Australian spring wheat cultivars at elevated CO₂

Heat Stress Prevented the Biomass and Yield Stimulation Caused by Elevated CO2 in Two Well-Watered Wheat Cultivars

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Elevated CO2 has concurrent effects on leaf and grain metabolism but minimal effects on yield in wheat

Cited by 37 publications

References 88 publications

Six decades of warming and drought in the world’s top wheat-producing countries offset the benefits of rising CO2 to yield

Six decades of warming and drought in the world’s top wheat-producing countries offset the benefits of rising CO2 to yield

Physiological traits for evaluating heat‐tolerance of Australian spring wheat cultivars at elevated CO2

Heat Stress Prevented the Biomass and Yield Stimulation Caused by Elevated CO2 in Two Well-Watered Wheat Cultivars

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Product

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Physiological traits for evaluating heat‐tolerance of Australian spring wheat cultivars at elevated CO₂