Elevated concentrations of T-2 toxin cause oxidative stress in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Abstract

T-2 toxin is a mycotoxin produced by several Fusarium fungi that can contaminate plant components used in feed for aquaculture. The aim of this 28-day study was to investigate the effect of the T-2 toxin in feed in concentrations 1.0 and 1.8 mg/kg (0.01 mg/kg b.w. and 0.018 mg/kg b.w.) on the oxidative stress markers and on the detoxifying enzymes of the rainbow trout. The results showed that T-2 toxin in both tested concentrations induced oxidative stress and antioxidant defence in the liver of trout manifesting by the increase in activities of enzymes glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase and the decrease in the catalase activity. The increase in lipid peroxidation was recorded only in the higher concentration of T-2 toxin. Ceruloplasmin activity in the plasma increased at both tested concentrations, and the ferric reducing ability of the plasma increased at the higher toxin concentration. The T-2 toxin in feed caused alteration of the total protein, albumin and triacylglycerols as well as the alkaline phosphatase activity in the plasma. Despite no changes in histological examination were found, the influence of T-2 toxin on scavenger system may result in increased sensitivity to other stress factors. K E Y W O R D Sbiochemical indices, fish, lipid peroxidation, mycotoxin, trichothecenes

Development and evaluation of a fish feed mixture containing the probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum prepared using an innovative pellet coating method

“…Therefore, the composition of this sample, in terms of trouble-free preparation, was chosen for further processing. Although Eudragit® E ( 20 , 21 ), like PEG ( 15 , 43 ), is commonly used to prepare fish medicated compound feed, starch is also beneficial as a substrate for which a longer survival of probiotics can be expected ( 44 – 47 ).…”

“…Recently, the patented coating method has been used to produce feed premixes for aquaculture, where the finished feed pellets are first dry coated with sorbent-like colloidal silica, which creates a hydrophilic surface to which the drug is then applied ( 18 ). The active substance can be applied both in dry ( 19 ) and liquid ( 20 ) form as a dispersion of a suitable polymer ( 21 ). The drug adheres to the surface through impregnation mechanisms ( 22 ).…”

РИСКИ ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЯ МИКОТОКСИКОЗОВ РЫБ В УСЛОВИЯХ АКВАКУЛЬТУРЫ (Обзор)

“…Значительный прогресс достигнут и в изучении токсикозов рыб высокого трофического уровня. Так, при скармливании молоди радужной форели кормов, содержащих 1,0 и 1,8 мг/кг Т-2, в течение 24 сут, несмотря на отсутствие гистологических изменений, диагностируется отчетливый окислительный стресс, который влияет на детоксицирующую систему и может приводить к повышению чувствительности этой рыбы к другим стрессовым факторам (81). У годовалых особей за 23 сут на кормах с 2 мг/кг ДОН было выявлено повышение в головной почке содержания цитокинов TNF-α и IL-8, провоцирующих воспалительные процессы (82).…”

Food Safety: The Risk of Mycotoxin Contamination in Fish

“…Figure 2.Variability in mycotoxin toxicity for fish, as shown by the differences in the lowest-observable effect levels (LOEL) in different fish species. References: 92 studies for AFB 1[63,64, comprising 21 different fish species, 7 studies for OTA[56-58, 94, 150-152] comprising 5 fish species, 15 studies for FB 1[47, 50,51,[153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165] reporting levels for 7 fish species, 12 studies for DON[42,144,[166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175] yielding information for 5 different fish species, 10 studies for ZEN[144,[176][177][178][179][180][181][182][183][184] reporting LOEL for 5 different species, 10 studies[185][186][187][188][189][190][191]…”