Elevated ethnocentrism in the first trimester of pregnancy

Navarrete, Carlos; Fessler, Daniel M. T.; Eng, Serena J.

doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2006.06.002

Cited by 208 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In support of this idea, xenophobic responses are stronger among people whose biological immune systems are temporarily compromised (Navarrete et al 2007) and are amplified by disease cues (Faulkner et al 2004). Moreover people with greater chronic worries about disease demonstrate stronger negative responses to foreign ethnic groups (e.g., Faulkner et al 2004).…”

Section: Production Of Independent and Interdependent Values And Pracmentioning

confidence: 94%

Culture, Mind, and the Brain: Current Evidence and Future Directions

Kitayama

Üskül

2011

Annu. Rev. Psychol.

599

392

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Current research on culture focuses on independence and interdependence and documents numerous East-West psychological differences, with an increasing emphasis placed on cognitive mediating mechanisms. Lost in this literature is a time-honored idea of culture as a collective process composed of cross-generationally transmitted values and associated behavioral patterns (i.e., practices). A new model of neuro-culture interaction proposed here addresses this conceptual gap by hypothesizing that the brain serves as a crucial site that accumulates effects of cultural experience, insofar as neural connectivity is likely modified through sustained engagement in cultural practices. Thus, culture is “embrained,” and moreover, this process requires no cognitive mediation. The model is supported in a review of empirical evidence regarding (a) collective-level factors involved in both production and adoption of cultural values and practices and (b) neural changes that result from engagement in cultural practices. Future directions of research on culture, mind, and the brain are discussed.

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Section: Production Of Independent and Interdependent Values And Pracmentioning

confidence: 94%

Culture, Mind, and the Brain: Current Evidence and Future Directions

Kitayama

Üskül

2011

Annu. Rev. Psychol.

599

392

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…By critically examining routes through which pathogens are transmitted, researchers have hypothesized that a variety of psychological and cultural traits and institutions (e.g., xenophobia, collectivism, intergroup conflict, religious diversity) have developed to neutralize pathogen threats (Faulkner et al, 2004;Letendre et al, in press;Navarrete and Fessler, 2006;Navarrete, et al, 2007;Schaller and Murray, 2008;Thornhill et al, 2009). Noting conceptual overlap between phenomena such as collectivism and religion, Thornhill et al (2009) suggest that general ideological conservatism may function to neutralize pathogen threats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, after experimentally manipulating disease-salience in undergraduate participants, Faulkner et al (2004) observed increased negativity toward foreigners. In a natural experiment, Navarrete et al (2007) reported that pregnant women are more ethnocentric than non-pregnant women, particularly in the first trimester of pregnancy, when they are especially vulnerable to pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A substantial portion of this research has focused on the pathogen threats posed by intergroup interactions (Faulkner, Schaller, Park, and Duncan, 2004;Fincher, Thornhill, Murray, and Schaller, 2008;Letendre, Fincher, and Thornhill, in press;Navarrete and Fessler, 2006;Navarrete, Fessler, and Eng, 2007;Schaller and Murray, 2008;Thornhill et al, 2009). Crushing epidemics (e.g., smallpox brought to the Western Hemisphere by Europeans) underscore the infectious disease consequences of group interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extending the Behavioral Immune System to Political Psychology: Are Political Conservatism and Disgust Sensitivity Really Related?

et al. 2010

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Previous research suggests that several individual and cultural level attitudes, cognitions, and societal structures may have evolved to mitigate the pathogen threats posed by intergroup interactions. It has been suggested that these anti-pathogen defenses are at the root of conservative political ideology. Here, we test a hypothesis that political conservatism functions as a pathogen-avoidance strategy. Across three studies, we consistently find no relationship between sensitivity to pathogen disgust and multiple measures of political conservatism. These results are contrasted with theoretical perspectives suggesting a relationship between conservatism and pathogen avoidance, and with previous findings of a relationship between conservatism and disgust sensitivity.

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“…One consequence is the activation of these mechanisms contingent upon cues indicating vulnerability to the transmission of pathogens. To the extent that individuals are more vulnerable (or perceive themselves to be more vulnerable) to the hazards posed by infectious diseases, those individuals show stronger evidence of cognitions and attitudes that serve an antipathogen defence function ( Faulkner et al 2004;Navarrete & Fessler 2006;Navarrete et al 2007;Park et al 2007;Schaller & Duncan 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogen prevalence predicts human cross-cultural variability in individualism/collectivism

et al. 2008

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Pathogenic diseases impose selection pressures on the social behaviour of host populations. In humans (Homo sapiens), many psychological phenomena appear to serve an antipathogen defence function. One broad implication is the existence of cross-cultural differences in human cognition and behaviour contingent upon the relative presence of pathogens in the local ecology. We focus specifically on one fundamental cultural variable: differences in individualistic versus collectivist values. We suggest that specific behavioural manifestations of collectivism (e.g. ethnocentrism, conformity) can inhibit the transmission of pathogens; and so we hypothesize that collectivism (compared with individualism) will more often characterize cultures in regions that have historically had higher prevalence of pathogens. Drawing on epidemiological data and the findings of worldwide cross-national surveys of individualism/collectivism, our results support this hypothesis: the regional prevalence of pathogens has a strong positive correlation with cultural indicators of collectivism and a strong negative correlation with individualism. The correlations remain significant even when controlling for potential confounding variables. These results help to explain the origin of a paradigmatic cross-cultural difference, and reveal previously undocumented consequences of pathogenic diseases on the variable nature of human societies.

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Elevated ethnocentrism in the first trimester of pregnancy

Cited by 208 publications

References 12 publications

Culture, Mind, and the Brain: Current Evidence and Future Directions

Culture, Mind, and the Brain: Current Evidence and Future Directions

Extending the Behavioral Immune System to Political Psychology: Are Political Conservatism and Disgust Sensitivity Really Related?

Pathogen prevalence predicts human cross-cultural variability in individualism/collectivism

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