Elevated levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates from the Hudson River Watershed

Brase, Richard A; Schwab, Holly E.; Li, Lingyun; Spink, David C.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132830

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…A full breakdown is given in Additional file 4 [236]. Of these 19 articles, 12 can be considered "internal", i.e., articles written by authors involved with the NORMAN-SLE, including 5 articles describing SLE datasets [59,118,149,154,174] and 7 others citing SLE lists [24,142,[237][238][239][240][241], while 7 articles are external [242][243][244][245][246][247][248]. Of the 24 lists cited, 6 lists are cited by external authors: S0 SUSDAT, S13 EUCOSMETICS, S14 KEMIPFAS, S25 OECDPFAS, S46 NTPFASREV19 and S75 CyanoMetDB.…”

Section: Summary Statistics Of the Norman-slementioning

confidence: 99%

The NORMAN Suspect List Exchange (NORMAN-SLE): facilitating European and worldwide collaboration on suspect screening in high resolution mass spectrometry

et al. 2022

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Background The NORMAN Association (https://www.norman-network.com/) initiated the NORMAN Suspect List Exchange (NORMAN-SLE; https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/) in 2015, following the NORMAN collaborative trial on non-target screening of environmental water samples by mass spectrometry. Since then, this exchange of information on chemicals that are expected to occur in the environment, along with the accompanying expert knowledge and references, has become a valuable knowledge base for “suspect screening” lists. The NORMAN-SLE now serves as a FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) chemical information resource worldwide. Results The NORMAN-SLE contains 99 separate suspect list collections (as of May 2022) from over 70 contributors around the world, totalling over 100,000 unique substances. The substance classes include per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), pharmaceuticals, pesticides, natural toxins, high production volume substances covered under the European REACH regulation (EC: 1272/2008), priority contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and regulatory lists from NORMAN partners. Several lists focus on transformation products (TPs) and complex features detected in the environment with various levels of provenance and structural information. Each list is available for separate download. The merged, curated collection is also available as the NORMAN Substance Database (NORMAN SusDat). Both the NORMAN-SLE and NORMAN SusDat are integrated within the NORMAN Database System (NDS). The individual NORMAN-SLE lists receive digital object identifiers (DOIs) and traceable versioning via a Zenodo community (https://zenodo.org/communities/norman-sle), with a total of > 40,000 unique views, > 50,000 unique downloads and 40 citations (May 2022). NORMAN-SLE content is progressively integrated into large open chemical databases such as PubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and the US EPA’s CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/), enabling further access to these lists, along with the additional functionality and calculated properties these resources offer. PubChem has also integrated significant annotation content from the NORMAN-SLE, including a classification browser (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/classification/#hid=101). Conclusions The NORMAN-SLE offers a specialized service for hosting suspect screening lists of relevance for the environmental community in an open, FAIR manner that allows integration with other major chemical resources. These efforts foster the exchange of information between scientists and regulators, supporting the paradigm shift to the “one substance, one assessment” approach. New submissions are welcome via the contacts provided on the NORMAN-SLE website (https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/).

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Section: Summary Statistics Of the Norman-slementioning

confidence: 99%

The NORMAN Suspect List Exchange (NORMAN-SLE): facilitating European and worldwide collaboration on suspect screening in high resolution mass spectrometry

et al. 2022

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“…Trophic magnification of PFAS can occur across all trophic levels but is dependent on characteristics of the PFAS and organismal physiology (Kelly et al, 2009). At the level of primary consumer, benthic macroinvertebrates may accumulate PFAS from herbivory of aquatic plants or directly from exposure to sediment (Brase et al, 2022). For example, in the St. Lawrence River watershed which is exposed to substantial industrial effluent, PFOS in aquatic invertebrates reached as high as 61 ng/g ww, among at least 40 different PFAS detected (Munoz et al, 2022); terrestrial invertebrates near a fluorochemical plant in Belgium measured 28–9000 ng/g ww (D’Hollander et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in the St. Lawrence River watershed which is exposed to substantial industrial effluent, PFOS in aquatic invertebrates reached as high as 61 ng/g ww, among at least 40 different PFAS detected (Munoz et al, 2022); terrestrial invertebrates near a fluorochemical plant in Belgium measured 28–9000 ng/g ww (D’Hollander et al, 2014). Predatory macroinvertebrates generally accumulate higher PFAS in tissues relative to herbivores, though lifespan and physiological differences may also affect accumulation (Brase et al, 2022). Aquatic animals like ducks accumulate PFAS after feeding on aquatic invertebrates and plants, and by incidental ingestion of sediment and soil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraordinary levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in vertebrate animals at a New Mexico desert oasis: multiple pathways for wildlife and human exposure

Witt,

Gadek,

Cartron

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) threaten human and wildlife health, but their movement through food webs remains poorly understood. Contamination of the physical environment is widespread, but particularly concentrated at military installations. Here we measured 17 PFAS in wild, free-living mammals and migratory birds at Holloman Air Force Base (AFB), New Mexico, USA, where wastewater catchment lakes form biodiverse oases. PFAS concentrations were among the highest ever reported in animal tissues, and high levels have persisted for at least three decades. The hazardous long carbon-chain form, perfluorooctanosulfonic acid (PFOS), was most abundant, with liver concentrations averaging tens of thousands of ng/g wet weight (ww), reaching as high 97,000 ng/g (ww) in a 1994 specimen of white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) and 38,000 ng/g ww in a duck, the American wigeon (Mareca americana). Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) averaged thousands of ng/g ww in the livers of birds and house mice, but one order of magnitude lower in the livers of upland desert rodent species. PFAS levels were strikingly lower at control sites, even for highly mobile migratory species. Tissue concentrations were correlated within individuals, and consistently higher in liver than in muscle or blood. Twenty of 23 vertebrate species sampled at Holloman AFB were heavily contaminated, representing multiple trophic levels and microhabitats, and implicating a range of pathways for PFAS spread: ingestion of surface water, sediments, and dust; foraging on aquatic invertebrates and plants by secondary consumers; and preying upon small vertebrates by higher level consumers, including consumption of game species by hunters. Unlike in other aquatic systems, piscivory was not an important pathway of PFAS uptake. In sum, legacy PFAS at a desert wetland have permeated the local food web across a period of decades, severely contaminating resident and migrant animals, and likely exposing humans via game meat consumption and outdoor recreation.

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“…Though in addition to legacy contaminants (PFOS and PFOA), perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluorobutanesulfonic acid, perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorooctane ether sulfonate have been detected in environmental matrices (Lu et al, 2019). Similarly, freshwater samples had elevated concentrations of PFBA and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) second to PFOS and PFOA (Brase et al, 2022). Interestingly, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) was detected more frequently in sediment and macroorganisms but was also quantified in freshwater samples along with legacy alternatives PFBA and PFHxA (Brase et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, freshwater samples had elevated concentrations of PFBA and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) second to PFOS and PFOA (Brase et al, 2022). Interestingly, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) was detected more frequently in sediment and macroorganisms but was also quantified in freshwater samples along with legacy alternatives PFBA and PFHxA (Brase et al, 2022). Variations in the chain length of PFAS result in individual characteristics across the pollutants; for example, short-chain PFAS are more mobile in aquatic environments, in part because of their increased water solubility over long-chain PFAS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sublethal Exposure of Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances of Varying Chain Length and Polar Functionality Results in Distinct Metabolic Responses in Daphnia magna

Labine

Pereira

Kleywegt

et al. 2022

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of persistent organic pollutants used in industrial applications because of their physicochemical properties, which results in their ubiquitous presence across environmental matrices. To date, legacy PFAS have been well studied; however, the concentration of alternative PFAS may exceed the concentration of legacy pollutants, and more information is needed regarding the sublethal toxicity at the molecular level of aquatic model organisms, such as Daphnia magna. Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) are four widely detected PFAS alternatives of varying chain length and polar functionality that are quantified in aquatic environments. The present study examines the metabolic perturbations of PFAS with varying chemistries to D. magna using targeted mass spectrometry–based metabolomics. Daphnia were acutely exposed to sublethal concentrations of PFBA, PFHxA, PFHxS, and PFNA before the polar metabolite profile was extracted from single organisms. Multivariate analysis demonstrated significant separation between the sublethal concentrations of PFHxA, PFHxS, and PFNA relative to the controls; in sum, longer chain lengths demonstrated greater overall perturbations to the extracted metabolic profiles. Univariate statistics revealed significant perturbations in the concentrations of several amino acids, nucleotides/nucleosides, and neurotransmitters with exposure to PFAS. These metabolic perturbations are consistent with disruptions in energy metabolism (pantothenate and coenzyme A metabolism, histidine metabolism) and protein synthesis (aminoacyl‐transfer RNA biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism), which were identified through biochemical pathway analysis. These results provide evidence that although PFAS chemistry (chain length and polar functional group) invokes unique metabolic responses, there is also an underlying toxic mode of action that is common with select PFAS exposure. Overall, the present study highlights the capabilities of environmental metabolomics to elucidate the molecular‐level perturbations of pollutants within the same chemical class to model aquatic organisms, which can be used to prioritize risk assessment of substituted PFAS alternatives. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:242–256. © 2022 SETAC

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Elevated levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates from the Hudson River Watershed

Cited by 20 publications

References 32 publications

The NORMAN Suspect List Exchange (NORMAN-SLE): facilitating European and worldwide collaboration on suspect screening in high resolution mass spectrometry

The NORMAN Suspect List Exchange (NORMAN-SLE): facilitating European and worldwide collaboration on suspect screening in high resolution mass spectrometry

Extraordinary levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in vertebrate animals at a New Mexico desert oasis: multiple pathways for wildlife and human exposure

Sublethal Exposure of Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances of Varying Chain Length and Polar Functionality Results in Distinct Metabolic Responses in Daphnia magna

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