Elevated levels of β-chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of individuals infected with human T lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1)

Abstract

SUMMARYPulmonary complications are known to develop in HTLV-1 carriers, including T lymphocytic alveolitis, and increased IL-2 receptor a (CD25)-bearing T cells have been found in BALF. Several chemokines may contribute to accumulation of T lymphocytes in the lungs of HTLV-1 carriers. Here, we compared the distribution of T lymphocyte subsets and b-chemokines, such as macrophage in¯ammatory peptide1a (MIP-1a), regulated on activation normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES), and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), in BALF and peripheral blood between HTLV-1 carriers and noninfected healthy normal subjects. Flow cytometric analysis with MoAbs to cell surface antigens was used to identify T lymphocyte subsets in BALF samples from HTLV-1 carriers (n 13) and noninfected healthy controls (n 10). The levels of different b-chemokines were estimated by ELISA. High percentages of CD3 cells, CD3 expressing HLA-DR antigen and CD3 CD25 cells were detected in BALF of HTLV-1 carriers compared with non-infected controls. The concentration of MIP-1a in BALF of patients was signi®cantly higher than in non-infected healthy controls and correlated well with the percentage of CD3 CD25 cells. The level of RANTES in BALF was also signi®cantly high in HTLV-1 carriers, but did not correlate with the percentage of CD3 CD25 cells. On the other hand, the level of MCP-1 in BALF of HTLV-1 carriers was not different from that of controls. Our results suggest a possible interaction between activated T cells bearing CD25 and b-chemokines, especially MIP-1a, which may contribute to the pulmonary involvement in HTLV-1 carriers.

Inflammatory manifestations of HTLV-1 and their therapeutic options

“…Bronchoalveolar lavage shows T lymphocytosis, high HTLV-1 pVL [160], increased IL-2 receptor a/CD25 + T lymphocytes and marked elevation of soluble IL-2 receptor a [161] together with an increase in chemokines such as macrophage inflammatory peptide-1a and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 [162,163]. HTLV-1 Tax protein is known to induce the expression of IL-2 [164,165].…”

Enhanced inhibition of lymphocyte activation by Mycobacterium avium complex in human T lymphotrophic virus type I carriers

“…5 HTLV-I infection affects not only the peripheral blood lymphocytes but also the lymphocytes in the lungs 1314 Taken together, we think that the enhanced inhibitory effect of MAC GPL observed in this in vitro study is one of the reasons why MAC spreads more widely in lungs of individuals infected with HTLV-I 2.…”

Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type-1 (HTLV-1)-associated Bronchioloalveolar Disorder Presenting with Mosaic Perfusion

“…Seki et al reported that a significantly higher number of total cells, percentage, and absolute number of lymphocytes were present in the BALF of HTLV-1 carriers, together with a significantly lower percentage of alveolar macrophages, compared with these values in healthy controls (8). Furthermore, in HTLV-1 carriers, the percentages of CD3+ and CD3+CD25+ cells are significantly higher in the BALF than in peripheral blood (9).…”