Elevated matrix metalloproteinase-8 in saliva and serum in polycystic ovary syndrome and association with gingival inflammation

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and tissue inhibitors of MMP-1 (TIMP-1) in saliva and serum samples of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS; n = 80) and matched systemically healthy controls (n = 45), with varying degrees of gingival inflammation. Salivary levels of MMP-8 and the MMP-8/TIMP-1 ratio were significantly elevated in women with PCOS, who also exhibited more gingivitis than systemically healthy women. No major changes were observed in salivary TIMP-1 levels with regard to PCOS. Serum levels of MMP-8 and the MMP-8/TIMP-1 ratio were significantly higher in women with PCOS, irrespective of the presence of gingivitis, while there were no differences in TIMP-1 levels. A positive correlation was indicated between probing depth, bleeding on probing, plaque index and salivary or serum MMP-8 levels or MMP-8/TIMP-1 ratio in the case of PCOS, while a negative such correlation was revealed for TIMP-1 in systemically healthy women. Increased levels of MMP-8 in saliva and serum seem to be more pronounced in women with PCOS, and potentiated in the presence of gingival inflammation. Alterations in MMP/TIMP system triggered by local and systemic inflammation may be implicated in the pathogenesis of PCOS, or the deterioration of its clinical presentation.

Salivary and Serum Markers Related to Innate Immunity in Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis

“…Also, inflammatory biomarker levels associated with oral diseases would be diluted in serum compared with saliva. 6,47 In line with that, higher concentrations of molecules analyzed in saliva compared with serum were observed, with the exception of MIF, which was higher in serum.…”

Association of the salivary triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells/its ligand peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 axis with oral inflammation in kidney disease

“…Biomarkers and their combinations or cascades reflecting oral inflammation could thus supplement clinical oral examination or even serve as screening tools . Saliva contains many potential biomarkers, such as sTREM‐1; IL‐1β, −6, and −8; TNF‐α; MMP‐8 and ‐9; and TIMP‐1, and could thus indeed be used for screening, diagnosing, tracking, and predicting different oral and systemic diseases . Because biologic fluids are not stationary but circulatory, salivary MMP‐8 and sTREM‐1 levels may reflect not only oral but also systemic inflammatory diseases, like endocrine gynecologic disorders and cardiovascular diseases .…”

“…Saliva contains many potential biomarkers, such as sTREM‐1; IL‐1β, −6, and −8; TNF‐α; MMP‐8 and ‐9; and TIMP‐1, and could thus indeed be used for screening, diagnosing, tracking, and predicting different oral and systemic diseases . Because biologic fluids are not stationary but circulatory, salivary MMP‐8 and sTREM‐1 levels may reflect not only oral but also systemic inflammatory diseases, like endocrine gynecologic disorders and cardiovascular diseases . Such point‐of‐care or chairside lateral flow immunotests are already commercially available and validated with different age groups and ethnic backgrounds for MMP‐8 .…”

Evaluation of oxidative status in patients with chronic periodontitis and polycystic ovary syndrome: A cross‐sectional study

“…Only a few studies have evaluated the relationship between PCOS and periodontal diseases, all of which found that individuals with PCOS seem to be more prone to gingival inflammation. This may be related to the role of chronic systemic inflammation in the pathophysiology of both PCOS and periodontal disease …”