Elevated plasma nitrate levels in depressive states

Suzuki, Emiko; Yagi, Gohei; Nakaki, Toshio; Kanba, Shigenobu; Asai, Manabu

doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(00)00164-6

Cited by 224 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Clinically, ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, exhibits antidepressant activity in humans (17) as does methylene blue, an NOS inhibitor that was found to be therapeutically effective in severe MD (18). Finally, NO production may increase MD since the patients show elevate plasma nitrate levels (19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the hippocampal formation in affective disorders

Oliveira

Guimarães

Deakin

2008

Braz J Med Biol Res

112

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Hippocampal output is increased in affective disorders and is mediated by increased glutamatergic input via N-methyl-Daspartate (NMDA) receptor and moderated by antidepressant treatment. Activation of NMDA receptors by glutamate evokes the release of nitric oxide (NO) by the activation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). The human hippocampus contains a high density of NMDA receptors and nNOS-expressing neurons suggesting the existence of an NMDA-NO transduction pathway which can be involved in the pathogenesis of affective disorders. We tested the hypothesis that nNOS expression is increased in the human hippocampus from affectively ill patients. Immunocytochemistry was used to demonstrate nNOS-expressing neurons in sections obtained from the Stanley Consortium postmortem brain collection from patients with major depression (MD, N = 15), bipolar disorder (BD, N = 15), and schizophrenia (N = 15) and from controls (N = 15). nNOS-immunoreactive (nNOS-IR) and Nissl-stained neurons were counted in entorhinal cortex, hippocampal CA1, CA2, CA3, and CA4 subfields, and subiculum. The numbers of Nissl-stained neurons were very similar in different diagnostic groups and correlated significantly with the number of nNOS-IR neurons. Both the MD and the BD groups had greater number of nNOS-IR neurons/400 µm 2 in CA1 (mean ± SEM: MD = 9.2 ± 0.6 and BD = 8.4 ± 0.6) and subiculum (BD = 6.7 ± 0.4) when compared to control group (6.6 ± 0.5) and this was significantly more marked in samples from the right hemisphere. These changes were specific to affective disorders since no changes were seen in the schizophrenic group (6.7 ± 0.8). The results support the current view of the NMDA-NO pathway as a target for the pathophysiology of affective disorders and antidepressant drug development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the hippocampal formation in affective disorders

Oliveira

Guimarães

Deakin

2008

Braz J Med Biol Res

112

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“…Forced swimming test and tail suspension test were utilized for assessment of antidepressantlike activity. These models are broadly utilized in rodents to anticipate antidepressant-like potential by evaluating the reduction in immobility time (Rodrigues et al, 2002;Suzuki et al, 2001). The behavioral parameter measured in both tests is called immobility, resembling a behavioral condition of hopelessness, as evidenced in human depression (Steru et al, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitis vinifera juice ameliorates depression-like behavior in mice by modulating biogenic amine neurotransmitters

Aslam

Sultana

2015

Bangladesh J Pharmacol

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The advantageous effects of Vitis vinifera juice on depressive model mice were examined utilizing a blend of behavioral evaluations and biogenic amine neurotransmitter estimations. During the behavioral evaluations, immobility time on the forced swimming test and tail suspension test were measured in unstressed and immobilization-induced stressed mice. V. vinifera juice (4 mL/kg and 8 mL/kg) and fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) produced a significant decrease in immobility time of both unstressed and stressed mice when compared with their respective saline-treated control groups in both paradigms. Neurotransmitters were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detector. V. vinifera juice raised the levels of both serotonin (p<0.001) and noradrenalin (p<0.001) in brain tissue. These outcomes give significant mechanistic insights into the protective effect of V. vinifera juice against depressive disorders. Our results showed that V. vinifera juice could relieve depressive manifestations in the rodent model of depression.

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“…This model is often used in rodents to evaluate antidepressant-like activity by assessing the decrease in immobility time (Rodrigues et al, 2002;Suzuki et al, 2001). The behavioral parameter scored in this test is called immobility, resembling a behavioral state of misery, as seen in human depression (Steru et al, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forced swim test in mice: A common animal model of depression

Aslam¹

2015

Bangladesh J Pharmacol

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The Forced Swim Test (FST) is a rodent behavioral paradigm utilized for assessment of potential antidepressant-like medications. In this model the mice are put in a plexiglas tank. The tank is loaded with water and the behavior of the mice to escape the tank is scored. The behavioral parameter scored in this test is called immobility, resembling a behavioral state of misery, as seen in human depression.

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Elevated plasma nitrate levels in depressive states

Cited by 224 publications

References 9 publications

Expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the hippocampal formation in affective disorders

Expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the hippocampal formation in affective disorders

<i>Vitis vinifera</i> juice ameliorates depression-like behavior in mice by modulating biogenic amine neurotransmitters

Forced swim test in mice: A common animal model of depression

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