Elevated Plasma Platelet Activating Factor, Platelet Activating Factor Acetylhydrolase Levels and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease or Blood Stasis Syndrome of Coronary Heart Disease in Chinese: A Case Control Study

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to explore the association between plasma platelet activating factor (PAF) and platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) levels and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) or blood stasis syndrome (BSS) of CHD. Questionnaire, routine clinical assays and plasma levels of PAF, PAF-AH and inflammatory factors hs-CRP and IL-6 were investigated or measured for 120 controls and 150 CHD patients (66 non-BSS and 84 BSS). Plasma PAF levels were higher in CHD patients [49.7 (34.8-73.2 pg/mL)] than in controls [23.8 (14.9-42.3 pg/mL)] (P < 0.001), and in BSS [56.0 (40.1-86.1 pg/mL)] than in non-BSS [47.4 (29.0-67.4 pg/mL)] (P = 0.027). Similarly, plasma PAF-AH levels were higher in CHD patients [11.5 (7.5-15.6 μmol/L)] than in controls [8.1 (5.4-12.6 μmol/L)] (P < 0.001), and in BSS [13.4 (8.7-18.5 μmol/L)] than in non-BSS [9.5 (7.3-14.3 μmol/L)] (P = 0.014). After adjustment for the confounded effects of inflammatory factors or conventional risk factors, plasma PAF and PAF-AH levels still had a significant difference between CHD patients and controls, but plasma PAF-AH rather than PAF levels had a significant difference between BSS and non-BSS. Elevated plasma PAF level contributed to the risk of CHD rather than BSS, and elevated plasma PAF-AH level was an independent risk factor of CHD and BSS.

Modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and atherosclerosis by lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2

“…Consistently, a recent study reported elevated plasma levels of both PAF and Lp-PLA 2 mass in a cohort of coronary heart disease (CHD) patients compared with a control group ( 54 ). Increased Lp-PLA 2 mass in this setting may represent in vivo evidence for PAF-and/or OxPL-mediated effects on Lp-PLA 2 expression.…”

Computational Investigation of Darapladib and Rilapladib Binding to Platelet Activating Factor Receptor. A Possible Mechanism of Their Involvement in Atherosclerosis

“…PAF affects the gene expression of Lp-PLA2), as shown in a recent study involving 150 patients with CHD and 120 controls that found a strong positive relationship between elevated plasma PAF or Lp-PLA2 levels and the risk of CHD. This study also provided evidence that there was a strong correlation between plasma PAF and Lp-PLA2 levels, and between plasma PAF and Lp-PLA2 and inflammatory factors IL-6 and hs-CRP levels (Zheng et al, 2012).…”

To hydrolyze or not to hydrolyze: the dilemma of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase

“…Amid a sea of various other oxidation products produced during LDL oxidation, butanoyl and butenoyl species ( Table 1 ) account for the bulk of the PAF activity, and these PAF mimetics were identifi ed to be up to 1/10th as potent as PAF ( 11 ). In a case control study, mean plasma PAF levels of 23.8 pg/ml were reported in healthy subjects while CVD patients had elevated PAF levels of 49.7 pg/ml ( 39 ). Studies by Ninio and her coworkers detected the presence of PAF preferentially in intermediate LDL during LDL oxidation, where it reached up to 8.6 ± 5.7 pmol/mg in 3 h of oxidation ( 40 ).…”