Elevated production of salivary nitric oxide in oral mucosal diseases

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) is known to play an important role in biological systems. In this study, we measured levels of NO in the saliva of 39 patients with oral mucosal diseases: 21 had oral lichen planus (OLP) and 18 had recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU). NO was assayed using the Griess reagent, which measures nitrite (NO2), the byproduct of NO. NO2 was detected in all tested samples, and levels in the saliva of patients were significantly increased relative to those of healthy subjects. We also examined the effect of NO on fibroblasts, keratinocytes and NA cells (an epithelial cancer cell line) in vitro. S‐nitroso‐N‐acetyl‐DL‐penicillamine (SNAP) and 3‐morpholinosydnonimine (SIN‐1) were used as NO donating reagents. The results revealed that cell viability was significantly reduced by NO derived from SNAP and SIN‐1 in a dose‐dependent manner. Although the role of salivary NO in normal physiology is as yet unknown, these findings suggest that excessive salivary NO plays a potential role in modifying oral mucosal diseases as a physiopathological regulator.

Nitric oxide in gingival crevicular fluid and nitric oxide synthase expression in the gingiva of patients with sickle cell disease

“…It was suggested that the serum NO level is elevated in megaloblastic anemia [42] and that the plasma NO level in betathalassemia minor patients is low at the time of diagnosis [43]. In addition, excessive salivary NO plays a potential role in modifying oral mucosal diseases, as a physiopathological regulator [44]. Many recent studies have reported increased NO production in Table 3 certain temporomandibular disorders [5].…”

Mechanisms of Salivary Gland Secretory Dysfunction in Sjögren’s Syndrome

“…It is hypothesized that the inhibition of activity could be due to the NOmediated nitrosylation of receptors or other proteins involved in the secretion signal transduction pathways (Caulfield et al 2009). However, this relationship between increased nitrite concentrations and salivary gland hypofunction is more complicated, since other oral inflammatory disorders exhibit increased nitrite concentrations in saliva as well (Kendall et al 2000, ;Kendall, Marshall, and Bartold 2001, ;Ohashi, Iwase, and Nagumo 1999).…”

Avaliação da Citotoxidade de Materiais Odontológicos Através do Método de MTT e Produção de Óxido Nítrico: Descrição de uma Técnica

“…O aumento de nitrito quantificado na saliva foi encontrado em pacientes com recorrentes ulcerações orais aftosas. Observa-se um aumento do nível de iNOS gengival durante a inflamação periodontal, quando comparada com tecidos gengivais não inflamados 22 . Altas quantidades de L-arginina e L-citrulina em tecido gengival inflamado in vivo e a expressão de iNOS em macrófagos, linfócitos, e polimorfonucleares em periodontites induzidas experimentalmente em ratos, bem como em fibroblastos, células epiteliais, macrófagos e células endoteliais em periodontite humana, revelam a possível participação do NO na doença periodontal.…”